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Application of ionic liquids in analytical chemistry

Room-temperature ionic liquids (ILs) are gaining wide recognition as novel solvents in chemistry. Their application in analytical chemistry, especially in separating analytes, is merited because ILs have some unique properties, such as negligible vapor pressure, good thermal stability, tunable viscosity and miscibility with water and organic solvents, as well as good extractability for various org

Nodule detection in digital chest radiography: Part of image background acting as pure noise

There are several factors that influence the radiologist's ability to detect a specific structure/lesion in a radiograph. Three factors that are commonly known to be of major importance are the signal itself, the system noise and the projected anatomy. The aim of this study was to determine to what extent the image background acts as pure noise for the detection of subtle lung nodules in five diff

A K-ATP channel-dependent pathway within alpha cells regulates glucagon release from both rodent and human islets of langerhans

Glucagon, secreted from pancreatic islet a cells, stimulates gluconeogenesis and liver glycogen breakdown. The mechanism regulating glucagon release is debated, and variously attributed to neuronal control, paracrine control by neighbouring beta cells, or to an intrinsic glucose sensing by the a cells themselves. We examined hormone secretion and Ca2+ responses of a and b cells within intact roden

Mutor i det godas tjänst? : Biståndsarbetare i samtal om vardaglig korruption

Popular Abstract in Swedish I denna avhandling studeras korruption och mutor som i första hand sociala och moraliska, snarare än ekonomiska, fenomen. Vilka beskrivningar och tolkningar ger svenska och danska biståndsarbetare av sina möten med vardaglig korruption? Hur fördömes, ursäktas eller rättfärdigas användandet av mutor? Går det att tala om en etikett för mutor, och hur ser denna i så fall uIn this dissertation, corruption and bribery are investigated as social and moral, rather than economic, phenomena. The analysis concentrates on the ways in which Swedish and Danish aid workers describe their experiences of everyday or 'petty' corruption. How do they view their encounters with everyday corruption in developing countries? In what ways are bribes condemned, excused, or justified? Wh

Negative differential capacitance of quantum dots

The dependence of charges accumulated on a quantum dot under an external voltage bias is studied. The charge is sensitive to the changes of number of filled levels and the number of conducting levels (channels). We clarify that there are two possible outcomes of applying a bias. (a) The number of conducting channels increases, but the number of filled levels decreases. (b) The number of filled lev

Dynamic study of changes in structure and morphology during the heating and sintering of iron powder

Dynamic changes in structure and morphology during the heating of iron powder to high temperatures have been studied in situ in an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). The results have shown that the presence of lubricants leads to the formation of ferrite needles at about 500ºC. At higher temperatures, the recrystallization of alpha-iron, followed by the nucleation and growth of gam

Responsive polymer gels: Double-stranded versus single-stranded DNA

Cross-linking of polyelectrolytes such as DNA gives gels that are osmotically highly swollen but contract upon addition of electrolytes and, in particular, upon association of oppositely charged cosolutes with the polyelectrolyte chain. The deswelling behavior of cross-linked DNA gels thus reflects the DNA-cosolute interactions and provides a basis for the development of responsive DNA formulation

Electrochemical investigation of cellobiose dehydrogenase from new fungal sources on Au electrodes

Following previous electrochemical investigations of cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH), the present investigation reports on the initial screening of the electrochemistry of three new CDHs, two from the white rot basidiomycetes Trametes villosa and Phanerochaete sordida and one from the soft rot ascomycete Myriococcum thermophilum, for their ability to directly exchange electrons with 10 different al

ADAMTS13 phenotype in health and disease with special reference to thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

Popular Abstract in Swedish Bakgrund När en kärlskada uppstår är det viktigt att blödningen snabbt kan stoppas. Detta åstadkomms genom att koagulationssystemet bildar en blodpropp vid skadestället. Von Willebrand faktorn (VWF) är ett stort protein som cirkulerar i blodet. Detta protein ingår, tillsammans med blodplättarna, i koagulationssystemets första fas. När ett kärl skadas binder VWF (som seVon Willebrand factor (VWF) is synthesized and secreted by endothelial cells into the plasma as a series of multimers. VWF induces the formation of platelet plugs at sites of vascular injury and high shear stress. Biological activity is dependent on multimeric size, which is regulated in plasma by the VWF-cleaving protease ADAMTS13. Severe ADAMTS13 deficiency is associated with thrombotic thromboc

Membrane traffic in neutrophils and neutrophil-like cells

Popular Abstract in Swedish Neutrofiler försvarar oss mot sjukdomsframkallande mikroorganismer. Deras primära funktion är att känna igen, fagocytera och avdöda de invaderande mikroorganismerna. I denna avhandling studeras membrantrafik i neutrofiler och neutrofil-lika celler. Här visas att icke-opsoniserade S. pyogenes bakterier inducerar ett snabbt och lokaliserat pinocytossvar hos neutrofiler. PThe neutrophil constitutes the first line of defence against invading organisms and its primary function is to recognize, phagocytose and kill intruding microorganisms. In this thesis, the membrane traffic in neutrophils and neutrophil-like cells was studied. Non-opsonised S. pyogenes bacteria was shown to induce a rapid and localised pinosome formation in neutrophils. The pinocytosis was not an i

Dimethylaminopurine inhibits metabolic effects of insulin in primary adipocytes.

Dimethylaminopurine (DMAP) has previously been used as an inhibitor of phosphorylation in studies of meiotic events, and more recently to investigate TNFα signaling, because of its potential to inhibit activation of c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Here we have addressed the effects of DMAP on metabolic insulin responses in adipocytes and on intracellular insulin signaling molecules. At 100 μmol/L,

Painting and firing of late Etruscan votive terracottas

Ancient Italic terracottas were painted before or after firing depending on their function, as suggested by previous analyses. However, concerning the votive terracottas, there seems to have been no anlayses carried out, suggesting either a fired or non fired paint. Methods and problems associated with an ongoing research on some votive terracottas from Tessennano in Southern Etruria are considere