Popular Abstract in Swedish I denna avhandling studeras korruption och mutor som i första hand sociala och moraliska, snarare än ekonomiska, fenomen. Vilka beskrivningar och tolkningar ger svenska och danska biståndsarbetare av sina möten med vardaglig korruption? Hur fördömes, ursäktas eller rättfärdigas användandet av mutor? Går det att tala om en etikett för mutor, och hur ser denna i så fall uIn this dissertation, corruption and bribery are investigated as social and moral, rather than economic, phenomena. The analysis concentrates on the ways in which Swedish and Danish aid workers describe their experiences of everyday or 'petty' corruption. How do they view their encounters with everyday corruption in developing countries? In what ways are bribes condemned, excused, or justified? Wh

The dependence of charges accumulated on a quantum dot under an external voltage bias is studied. The charge is sensitive to the changes of number of filled levels and the number of conducting levels (channels). We clarify that there are two possible outcomes of applying a bias. (a) The number of conducting channels increases, but the number of filled levels decreases. (b) The number of filled lev

Dynamic changes in structure and morphology during the heating of iron powder to high temperatures have been studied in situ in an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). The results have shown that the presence of lubricants leads to the formation of ferrite needles at about 500ºC. At higher temperatures, the recrystallization of alpha-iron, followed by the nucleation and growth of gam

Cross-linking of polyelectrolytes such as DNA gives gels that are osmotically highly swollen but contract upon addition of electrolytes and, in particular, upon association of oppositely charged cosolutes with the polyelectrolyte chain. The deswelling behavior of cross-linked DNA gels thus reflects the DNA-cosolute interactions and provides a basis for the development of responsive DNA formulation

Following previous electrochemical investigations of cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH), the present investigation reports on the initial screening of the electrochemistry of three new CDHs, two from the white rot basidiomycetes Trametes villosa and Phanerochaete sordida and one from the soft rot ascomycete Myriococcum thermophilum, for their ability to directly exchange electrons with 10 different al

Popular Abstract in Swedish Bakgrund När en kärlskada uppstår är det viktigt att blödningen snabbt kan stoppas. Detta åstadkomms genom att koagulationssystemet bildar en blodpropp vid skadestället. Von Willebrand faktorn (VWF) är ett stort protein som cirkulerar i blodet. Detta protein ingår, tillsammans med blodplättarna, i koagulationssystemets första fas. När ett kärl skadas binder VWF (som seVon Willebrand factor (VWF) is synthesized and secreted by endothelial cells into the plasma as a series of multimers. VWF induces the formation of platelet plugs at sites of vascular injury and high shear stress. Biological activity is dependent on multimeric size, which is regulated in plasma by the VWF-cleaving protease ADAMTS13. Severe ADAMTS13 deficiency is associated with thrombotic thromboc

Popular Abstract in Swedish Neutrofiler försvarar oss mot sjukdomsframkallande mikroorganismer. Deras primära funktion är att känna igen, fagocytera och avdöda de invaderande mikroorganismerna. I denna avhandling studeras membrantrafik i neutrofiler och neutrofil-lika celler. Här visas att icke-opsoniserade S. pyogenes bakterier inducerar ett snabbt och lokaliserat pinocytossvar hos neutrofiler. PThe neutrophil constitutes the first line of defence against invading organisms and its primary function is to recognize, phagocytose and kill intruding microorganisms. In this thesis, the membrane traffic in neutrophils and neutrophil-like cells was studied. Non-opsonised S. pyogenes bacteria was shown to induce a rapid and localised pinosome formation in neutrophils. The pinocytosis was not an i

Dimethylaminopurine (DMAP) has previously been used as an inhibitor of phosphorylation in studies of meiotic events, and more recently to investigate TNFα signaling, because of its potential to inhibit activation of c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Here we have addressed the effects of DMAP on metabolic insulin responses in adipocytes and on intracellular insulin signaling molecules. At 100 μmol/L,

Ancient Italic terracottas were painted before or after firing depending on their function, as suggested by previous analyses. However, concerning the votive terracottas, there seems to have been no anlayses carried out, suggesting either a fired or non fired paint. Methods and problems associated with an ongoing research on some votive terracottas from Tessennano in Southern Etruria are considere

The reactive vascular-injuring amino acid homocysteine was measured in plasma samples from 79 well-characterized type 1 diabetic patients and 46 control subjects. Patients with proliferative retinopathy had higher homocysteine levels (15.0 +/- 6.3 mumols l-1; mean +/- SD, p less than 0.001; n = 42) than those with progressive retinopathy during a two-year period (10.4 +/- 1.6 mumols l-1; n = 12),

The colorimetric 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was standardized for direct detection of rifampin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum samples. The sensitivity and specificity of the direct MTT assay matched those of the standard indirect susceptibility assay on 7H10 medium, and interpretable results were obtained for 98.5% of the samples within