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37 § i lagen (1915:218) om avtal och andra rättshandlingar på förmögenhetsrättens område (AvtL) stadgar att avtal om förverkande av pant är ogiltiga. Syftet med bestämmelsen är att skydda gäldenären mot situationer där maktobalansen mellan den presumtiva pantsättaren och panthavaren är väldigt stor. Direktiv 2002/47/EG om ställande av finansiell säkerhet (säkerhetsdirektivet) syftar till fastställAgreements on forfeiture of pledged property are void, according to 37 § of the Swedish Contracts Act (1915:218). The purpose of the prohibition is to protect the debtor from situations where the power imbalance between the future pledgor and pledgee are palpable. Directive 2002/47/EC on financial collateral arrangements, objects to ensure that the parties may freely agree to a method of enforceme

I detta rättsvetenskapliga arbetet har laglotten samt dess bestämmelser behandlats. Syftet har varit att utreda rättsläget kring laglotten, dess funktion och huruvida den är föråldrad idag. Den rättsdogmatiska metoden har använts i denna uppsats tillsammans med rättshistoriska inslag. Under 1800-talet växte laglotten fram i avsikt att garantera bröstarvingar hälften av kvarlåtenskapen, vilket ledThis essay focusses on the statutory share of inheritance. The purpose has been to investigate the legal matter of the statutory share of inheritance, its function and if it is outdated today or not. A legal dogmatic method with a legislative development perspective has been used throughout this essay. The statutory share of inheritance was initially established in the 1800s with the intention of

Den reklam som användare möter på internet är idag ofta anpassad och utvald för att överensstämma med dennes intressen. För att erbjuda sådan individuellt riktad reklam använder adtechsektorn metoder som bygger på en storskalig kartläggning av användares onlineaktiviteter. Vanligen är det en tredje part till den tjänst som användaren faktiskt nyttjar som ansvarar för och utför den här kartläggningToday, internet users often face advertising that is tailored and selected to match their interests. To offer such targeted advertising the adtech sector use methods that rely on a large scale tracking of users’ internet activities. In most cases this tracking is performed by a third party to the service that the user is accessing. This makes it hard for individuals to know what information is col

As more modern technical devices with cameras are accessible to people, more photos are taken and the amount of data that is available has vastly increased. Researchers have learnt to utilise this and use images for various purposes with Deep Learning based Computer Vision. For instance, one can teach a computer to perform an automated inventory, which could be a very time consuming task. Libraria

Can drinking water chlorination reduce the spread of antimicrobial resistant bacteria? Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of today’s most pressing global health threats, accounting for an estimated 700,000 deaths per year (WHO, 2019). The WHO has emphasized the need for effective sanitation and hygiene measures in order to reduce the incidence of infections caused by antimicrobial resistant bac

Despite all of the detrimental effects predicted in the event of non-action regarding climate change, a large number of people in the Global North are in a state of social inertia and openly criticise climate change mitigation (CCM) and climate change adaptation (CCA) measures. Most explanatory approaches of this phenomenon do not question the basic beliefs that our system is based on in their ana

The sense of touch in our body is something that many of us take for granted. It is after all hard to imagine how we would move and utilize our arms and legs without any sensory feedback. For people who need to use hand prosthetics it is however very clear how they could improve their quality of life if they could “feel” with their hands once again. This could be realized using an artificial sens

Idag bor cirka en miljard människor i världen i informella bosättningar och saknar tillgång till avfalls- och sanitetstjänster samt stadsinfrastruktur. I Rio de Janeiro bor cirka 1,4 miljoner människor, en fjärdedel av stadsbefolkningen, i informella bosättningar, eller favelor som det heter i Brasilien. Bristerna i stadens avfallshanteringssystem manifesterar sig huvudsakligen genom ansamling av Today, about one billion people in the world live in informal settlements and lack access to basic services and city infrastructure. In Rio de Janeiro, approximately 1,4 million people, one fourth of the city population, live in informal settlements, in Brazil called favelas. The insufficiency of the city’s waste services mainly manifests itself through accumulation of waste in public spaces in th

In a circular accelerator the closed orbit can be viewed as the mean position of particles in a beam. The closed orbit is perturbed by machine errors and can be manipulated by dedicated corrector magnets. This thesis introduces a linear algebra framework for closed orbit perturbation and correction, its implementation as a Python package and its use for three studies in HL--LHC: orbit corrector bu

The European project was founded on the advancement of liberal democracy where the rule of law and respect for human rights have a central place. In a period of ‘instability’ in the Union where organisational changes to national judiciaries have raised fears over rule of law backsliding among Member States threatening the functioning of the European Union’s legal order. It is necessary to facilita

Observationer visar på ständigt stigande temperaturer och modellerade data pekar på fortsatta temperaturökningar för framtiden. Förändringar i klimatet kommer påverka ekosystem och därmed de tjänster vi får ifrån dem. I Sverige är skogen ett av de viktigaste ekosystemen för oss människor. Skogen är av största vikt för Sveriges ekonomi. I dagsläget förekommer flera olika skador på svensk skog årligClimate observations are showing that air temperatures are constantly increasing, and modelled data indicates that temperatures will continue rising in the future. Changes in the climate will affect ecosystems and consequentially, the ecosystem services we depend upon. In Sweden, forests are among the most important ecosystems for humans. The forest is a major part of the Swedish economy. Currentl

The purpose of this project is to explore craftsman- ship, trying to find out how the use of it can become an integrated part of my design process. The initial part of the project is dedicated to research on the top- ic of what craftsmanship is. The research is conducted through literature review, study visits and market research. The project has an exploratory phase whereby I make experiment

Småskaliga bönders kapaciteter i Maharashtra, Indien Uppsatsen kommer att undersöka primärmaterialen Indiens klimatförändringspolicy och Maharashtras handlingsplan. Uppsatsen ämnar att utöka kunskapen om småskaliga bönders situation i den indiska delstaten Maharashtra, i relation till aspekter om förändringar av Indiens klimat. Undersöknings huvudämnen är jordbruk, fattigdom, klimatförändringar ocSmall-scale farmers capacities in Maharashtra, India This thesis will analyze Indias Climate Change policy and Maharashtras Action Plan. The thesis will focus on small-scale farmers situation in the Indian state Maharashtra, in relation to aspects of climate change. It will examine the two policy documents since Maharashtras Action Plan is a follow up to Indias Climate Change policy. The main subj

När lipider löses i vatten kan de spontant arrangera sig för att anta formen av en vesikel. En vesikel består av ett cirkulärt dubbelskikt, ett bilager, av lipider där lösningsmedlet befinner sig på insidan och utsidan. Lipiderna har drivits av interaktioner med lösningsmedlet till att vända sina hydrofoba – ej vattenlösliga – delar från vattnet vilket resulterar i formationen av bilagret, där enbDeep eutectic solvents (DES) are designer solvents comprised of a quaternary ammonium salt and a hydrogen bond donor that are mixed at a 1:2 molar ratio. They are a green, biodegradable alternative to ionic liquids (ILs) that replace organic solvents in many applications. However, the high viscosity of these solvents limits their areas of use, but this can be overcome through addition of water. Th

The project emerged from a fascination of light and darkness. With developing technologies and more knowledge about the health aspects of light and darkness, the field of lighting is becoming more elaborate. Jun'ichirō Tanizaki once said “we find beauty not in the thing itself but in the patterns of shadows, the light and the darkness, that one thing against another creates”. I could not agr

Särskild är en undersökning och reflektion kring äldre människors levnads- och boendevillkor, med fokus på det särskilda boendet. Hur gamla människor lever och bor är ett ständigt aktuellt och omdiskuterat ämne som upprör och berör. Många är anhöriga till eller känner en äldre person som behöver hjälp för att klara sin vardag och det är lätt att skapa sig föreställningar om vad det innebär att åSärskild (extraordinary) is an investigation and a reflection on the living- and housing conditions of elderly, with a focus on residential care homes. How elderly people live and dwell is a subject which is always a question of debate. It is a subject that upsets and affects our feelings. Many are related to, or know, an elderly person who needs help to manage everyday life. It is easy to creat

Elektromagnetiska vågor, även kända som radiovågor, är vågor som sprider sig med låga frekvenser från 3 till 30 kHz. Dessa lågfrekventa vågor används vanligtvis när man önskar kommunicera med ubåtar. De kan emellertid också användas på land för att mäta skillnader i jord– och bergarters elektriska konduktivitet. Denna mätteknik kallas Very-Low-Frequency Electromagnetics (VLF-EM) och har framgångsrElectromagnetic waves, also known as radio waves, which propagate at low frequencies of only 3 kHz to 30 kHz, are usually used for communication with submarines. However, these waves can also be used on land to measure differences in the electrical conductivity of the subsurface. This technique is called Very-Low-Frequency Electromagnetics (VLF-EM) and has been successfully used to gain an insight

To develop treatments for currently uncurable neurological disorders, more knowledge is needed of the involved neural circuits and changes in gene expression. The padlock probe technique, in which linear DNA probes are circularized and amplified when hybridized to their cDNA target sequence, has previously been used for both multiplexed gene detection and neuronal projection mapping in brain tissu