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Pharmacodynamic studies of vancomycin, metronidazole and fusidic acid against Clostridium difficile

Background: Pharmacodynamic studies of antibiotics have attracted great interest in recent years. However, studies on the pharmacodynamics of different antibiotics against Clostridium difficile are scarce. Methods: The postantibiotic effects (PAE) and the postantibiotic sub-minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) effects (PA SME) of vancomycin, metronidazole and fusidic acid were investigated by vi

Recessiveness and Dominance in Barley Mutants Deficient in Mg-Chelatase Subunit D, an AAA Protein Involved in Chlorophyll Biosynthesis.

Mg-chelatase catalyzes the insertion of Mg2+ into protoporphyrin IX at the first committed step of the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway. It consists of three subunits: I, D, and H. The I subunit belongs to the AAA protein superfamily ( ATPases associated with various cellular activities) that is known to form hexameric ring structures in an ATP-dependant fashion. Dominant mutations in the I subuni

Construction waste management based on industrial management models: a Swedish case study

This paper describes a methodology for estimating the true internal costs of construction waste, aimed at promoting environmentally friendly waste management. The study employs cost-benefit analysis, contribution margin analysis, the polluter-pays principle and a mathematical model: the model for Efficient Use of Resources for Optimal Production Economy (EUROPE), which has been introduced previous

Multi-electron production at high transverse momenta in ep collisions at HERA

Multi-electron production is studied at high electron transverse momentum in positron- and electron-proton collisions using the H1 detector at HERA. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 115 pb(-1). Di-electron and tri-electron event yields are measured. Cross sections are derived in a restricted phase space region dominated by photon-photon collisions. In general good agreement is fo

VIP potentiates cholinergic effects on the mucociliary system in the maxillary sinus

The neuropeptide vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), which is found in a population of cholinergic parasympathetic neurons in the airways, has no effects per se on mucociliary activity. In order to test the hypothesis that VIP may modulate cholinergic regulation of the mucociliary system, VIP was infused intraarterially (8.4 pmol/kg/min), and the response to challenges with methacholine in th

Teachers’ Understanding of Internationalization as an Essential Part of Nursing Education in Sweden

his study investigated how 60 teachers' in Swedish nurse education, in higher education, understood and taught internationalization. The teachers answered a self-administered questionnaire. A phenomenographic, contextual and content analysis approach was used. The results show that teachers were found to experience and understand internationalization in different ways, which could be related to tw

Birgitta i Birgittalegenderna

An analysis of the various versions of the legends of St. Birgitta and a discussion of the birth year of St. Birgitta's husband and whether St. Birgitta knew Latin well.

In-Cylinder Fluid Flow, Fuel Preparation and Combustion in SI Engines - Application of Optical Diagnostics

In this thesis laser-based measurements of in-cylinder flow and fuel concentrations in two stroke and direct injected four-stroke engines are presented. The major problem with the carburetted two-stroke engine is the short-circuiting of fuel that occurs during the scavenging phase. This leads to large emissions of unburned hydrocarbons. The object of this thesis has been to map the flow behaviour

High levels of hepatitis B virus DNA in body fluids from chronic carriers.

infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major global health problem. Transmission is mainly blood-borne, although the route of infection during horizontal transmission in childhood is unclear. Nosocomial outbreaks of HBV have been widely reported, but have mainly focused on blood-borne transmission. There is Limited knowledge of the viral Load Levels in other body fluids. In the present study,