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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to differentiate human responses to different light switch designs to determine the effects of these common interfaces on user perceptions and use of electric lighting in public buildings.Design/methodology/approachEmpirical studies were conducted to assess and examine user perceptions with regard to design characteristics of light switches, and occupants’ use o
The relationship between environment and migration has gained increased attention since the 1990s when the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change projected climate change to become a major driver of human migration. Evaluations of this relationship include both quantitative and qualitative assessments. This review article introduces the concept of scale to environment-migration research as an i
BACKGROUND: Severe obesity in adolescence is associated with reduced life expectancy and impaired quality of life. Long-term benefits of conservative treatments in adolescents are known to be modest, whereas short-term outcomes of adolescent bariatric surgery are promising. We aimed to compare 5-year outcomes of adolescent surgical patients after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass with those of conservative
Aims/hypothesis: Little is known about the heritable basis of gene–environment interactions in humans. We therefore screened multiple cardiometabolic traits to assess the probability that they are influenced by genotype–environment interactions. Methods: Fourteen established environmental risk exposures and 11 cardiometabolic traits were analysed in the VIKING study, a cohort of 16,430 Swedish adu
Cell size and growth kinetics are fundamental cellular properties with important physiological implications. Classical studies on yeast, and recently on bacteria, have identified rules for cell size regulation in single cells, but in the more complex environment of multicellular tissues, data have been lacking. In this study, to characterize cell size and growth regulation in a multicellular conte
Studies on whether family history (FH) of venous thromboembolism (VTE) affects long-term mortality after VTE are missing. The aim of this study was to determine whether FH of VTE affects long-term mortality after a first episode of VTE. Using Swedish medical databases, we conducted a 30-year nationwide cohort study of 49,159 adult Swedish born patients included in the multi-generation register (bo
A new study reports the presence of a chemosensory pseudogene in Drosophila sechellia, which in spite of carrying a premature stop-codon nevertheless encodes a fully functional and full-length protein. Such ‘pseudo-pseudogenes’ might well be a widespread phenomenon.
Lipases and glycoside hydrolases have large similarities concerning reaction mechanisms. Acyl-enzyme intermediates are formed during lipase-catalyzed reactions and in an analogous way, retaining glycoside hydrolases form glycosyl-enzyme intermediates during catalysis. In both cases, the covalent enzyme intermediates can react with water or other nucleophiles containing hydroxyl groups. Simple alco
Regio- and stereoselective addition of alkyl Grignard reagents to pyridine-N-oxides gave C2-alkylated N-hydroxy-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridines and trans-2,3-disubstituted N-hydroxy-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridines in good to excellent yields. These intermediates were aromatized or alternatively reduced in one-pot methodologies for efficient syntheses of alkylpyridines or piperidines, respectively. These r
Introduction and hypothesis: Bilateral pelvic nerve injury (BPNI) is a model of post-radical hysterectomy neuropraxia, a common sequela. This study assessed the time course of changes to detrusor autonomic innervation, smooth muscle (SM) content and cholinergic-mediated contraction post-BPNI. Methods: Female Sprague–Dawley rats underwent BPNI or sham surgery and were evaluated 3, 7, 14, and 30 day
Cellulose, one of the most abundant renewable resources, is insoluble in most common solvents but dissolves in aqueous alkali under a narrow range of conditions. To elucidate the solubilization mechanism, we performed electrophoretic NMR on cellobiose, a subunit of cellulose, showing that cellobiose acts as an acid with two dissociation steps at pH 12 and 13.5. Chemical shift differences between c
