LIDAR techniques are used to measure gases in solid scattering media remotely, by analyzing the differential absorption observed in the multiple scattering light. The gas exchange (O-2/N-2) in polystyrene foam is monitored. (C)2008 Optical Society of America

Research at the division of Packaging Logistics, Lund University, has been performed in numerous areas, ranging from organisational learning and sustainability to process integration and service development. One of these is the new and complex research area of traceability. When it comes to food scandals, from the mad cow disease at the end of the 90s to the more recent incident where glass has b

This thesis is a contribution to the understanding of the life and work of Arnold Schoenberg as well as to musical hermeneutics. The aims are (1) to scrutinize Arnold Schoenberg’s marital crisis of the year 1908, (2) to probe into the meanings of some representative musical works during this very period, and (3) to compare features in Schoenberg’s life and his creative work. A number of documents

The article deals mainly with the history of astrology and astral divination in South Asia and, to some extent, with the development of astronomy and calendaric systems in the same region. Fundamental concepts of Indian astrology and their relations to other religious doctrines are discussed in some detail, while variant traditions are touched on, along with the influence of medieval Perso-Arabic

Water and salt mass balances for the Dead Sea were modeled to consider different possible methods for maintaining its water level and water volume. In the models, precipitation, evaporation, rivers, ground water, input/output from potash companies and salt production, and brine discharge were included. The mixing time in the Dead Sea was modeled by a 1) single-layer (well-mixed) system, and a 2) t

Both Canada and Germany are multi-cultural societies, but with different approaches to this reality. In this chapter, I explore the question of how young people understand and define their social positions, and how much the process is influenced by the societies they live in. I use material from a qualitative research project in one German and one Canadian secondary school. Young people with and w

This thesis studies the introduction of the idea of human rights to China, and traces the continuing debate on human rights during the period 1898 to 1949. The writings of advocates of human rights such as Zou Rong, Chen Duxiu, Luo Longji and Zhou Jingwen, among others, are discussed and analysed, as are those of critics of the idea of human rights, such as Liang Qichao, Sun Yat-sen, and Wu Jingxi

‘This study examines the collection and recycling systems in selected countries in Europe – Finland, Germany, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom – where such systems are already in place based on legislation. Based on the review of various written sources as well as interviews with stakeholders (manufacturers, producer responsibility organisations, national government officials, distributors/n

The gender mainstreaming strategy was formulated in general terms, thus creating an ‘empty’, yet broadly applicable and acceptable strategy for eliminating multiple kinds of gender gaps. This article constructs a definition of the concept of mainstreaming, and estimates the positive and negative properties of the strategy, concluding that the mainstreaming strategy continually generates a paradox,

A major goal for ecology and evolution is to understand how abiotic and biotic factors shape patterns of biological diversity. Here, we show that variation in establishment success of nonnative frogs and toads is primarily explained by variation in introduction pathways and climatic similarity between the native range and introduction locality, with minor contributions from phylogeny, species ecol

In this thesis, liquid-membrane-based methods for the analysis of trace metal species in samples of environmental and biological origin were developed. By incorporating extracting reagents in the membrane liquid, trace metal ions were selectively separated from humic-rich natural waters and urine samples, prior to their determination using various instrumental techniques. The extractions were perf