A dominating set of a graph G is a set D⊆ VG such that every vertex in VG- D is adjacent to at least one vertex in D, and the domination number γ(G) of G is the minimum cardinality of a dominating set of G. A set C⊆ VG is a covering set of G if every edge of G has at least one vertex in C. The covering number β(G) of G is the minimum cardinality of a covering set of G. The set of connected graphs

The scientific debate following the initial formulation of the “bad luck” hypothesis in cancer development highlighted how measures based on analysis of variance are inappropriately used for risk communication. The notion of “explained” variance is not only used to quantify randomness, but also to quantify genetic and environmental contribution to disease in heritability coefficients. In this pape

Erlotinib (Tarceva) targets the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is commonly overexpressed in human cancers, including lung cancer. We show that erlotinib can be labeled with [(11)C] by reacting the normethyl precursor with [(11)C]-methyl iodide. By using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide proliferation assay, two lung cancer cell lines (A549 and NCI358)

Partially premixed combustion (PPC) is one of several advanced combustion concepts for the conventional diesel engine. PPC uses a separation between end of fuel injection and start of combustion, also called ignition dwell, to increase the mixing of fuel and oxidizer. This has been shown to be beneficial for simultaneously reducing harmful emissions and fuel consumption. The ignition dwell can be

Speed control is the most important aspect of promoting road safety world-wide. The question is how are speeds developing? The European Transport Safety Council concludes: There is little progress on reducing speeds in Europe. Similar conclusions can be drawn from the US and Australia. Attitude surveys show that people’s answers are not very consistent and represent statements without any strong b

BACKGROUND: The epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors HER2 and HER4 and the ligands HB-EGF and NRG1 are crucial for heart development. The purpose of our study was to investigate the role of the complete EGF system in relation to hypoxia of the heart.METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We examined the mRNA expression by real time PCR of the 4 receptors and 12 ligands from the EGF-system in paired no

PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to identify proteins down-regulated during bladder cancer progression.EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: By using comparative proteome analysis and measurement of mRNA, we found a significant down-regulation of S100C, a member of the S100 family of proteins, in T24 (grade 3) as compared with RT4 (grade 1) bladder cancer cell lines. Moreover, quantification of the mRNA level r

Comparative proteome analysis was performed between RT4 (grade-1) and T24 (grade-3) bladder cancer cell lines, in an attempt to identify differentially expressed proteins during bladder cancer progression. Among those relatively abundant proteins, seven spots changed more than two-fold reproducibly and identified by peptide mass fingerprinting using mass spectrometry and database search. We found

The focus of this chapter is the relationship between owners and hybrid organizations with focus on public-private hybrid constellation and corporations owned by local governments. These companies are hybrids since they are governed as private profit-oriented companies but provide public services and incorporate public values. The main takeaway from the analysis in the chapter is that two dimensio

BACKGROUND: We have previously developed (11)C-erlotinib as a new positron emission tomography (PET) tracer and shown that it accumulates in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-positive lung cancer xenografts in mice. Here, we present a study in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) investigating the feasibility of (11)C-erlotinib PET as a potential method for the identification of

The toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems have been attracting attention due to their role in regulating stress responses in prokaryotes and their biotechnological potential. Much recognition has been given to type II TA system of mesophiles, while thermophiles have received merely limited attention. Here, we are presenting the putative type II TA families encoded on the genomes of four Geobacillus strains