Providing both a theoretical background and practical examples of natural resource conflict, this volume explores the pressures on natural resources leading to scarcity and conflict. It is shown that the causes and driving forces behind natural resource conflicts are diverse, complex and often interlinked, including global economic growth, exploding consumption, poor governance, poverty, unequal a

Group-living species show a diversity of social organization, from simple mated pairs to complex communities of interdependent individuals performing specialized tasks. The advantages of living in cooperative groups are well understood, but why some species breed in small aggregations while others evolve large, complex groups with clearly divided roles is unclear. We address this problem by recons

We investigate how early exposure to parental externalizing behaviors (EB) may contribute to development of alcohol use disorders (AUD) in young adulthood, testing a developmental cascade model focused on competencies in three domains (academic, conduct, and work) in adolescence and emerging adulthood, and examining whether high parental education can buffer negative effects of parental EB and oth

The purpose of this article is to discuss the different types of instruments of innovation policy, to examine how governments and public agencies in different countries and different times have used these instruments differently, to explore the political nature of instrument choice and design (and associated issues), and to elaborate a set of criteria for the selection and design of the instrument

In August 1986 some parks in central Malmo were photographed from a height of 760 meters with colour infrared film. Two simultaneous studies were performed to evaluate the feasibility of manual and digital classification of trees with different degrees of crown damage. This damage is mostly due to exhaustion fumes from heavily trafficked roads, mechanical damage to roots and de-icing salt. This pa

Background: Methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) and methylisothiazolinone (MI) are tested to detect contact allergy to these isothiazolinones. Objectives: To study if an aqueous patch test preparation with MCI and MI in a mix of 0.015% and 0.2%, respectively, detects more contact allergies than the commonly used preparations of MCI/MI in 0.02% aq. and MI in 0.2% aq. Methods:

Organic lead halide perovskite (OLHP) nanocrystals (NCs) have paved the way to advanced optoelectronic devices through their extraordinary electrical and optical properties. However, understanding of the light-induced complex dynamic phenomena in OLHP NCs remains a subject of debate. Here we used wide field microscopy and time-resolved spectroscopy to correlate the local changes in photophysics an

Congenital muscular dystrophy with laminin α2 chain-deficiency (LAMA2-CMD) is a severe neuromuscular disorder without a cure. Using transcriptome and proteome profiling as well as functional assays, we previously demonstrated significant metabolic impairment in skeletal muscle from LAMA2-CMD patients and mouse models. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase when oxygen homeostasis is not maintained

Net primary production (NPP) is modeled for a coniferous forest in southern Sweden for 2001. The model is based on the light-use efficiency concept where NPP is calculated as a product of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (APAR) and a light-use efficiency factor (ε). APAR is estimated from the fraction of APAR (FAPAR) multiplied with the daily total amount of incoming PAR. FAPAR is obta

This paper takes its departure from the Interpersonal Addition Theorem. The theorem, by John Broome (1991), is a re-formulation of the classical result by Harsanyi (1955). It implies that, given some seemingly mild assumptions, the overall utility of an uncertain prospect can be seen as the sum of its individual utilities. In sections 1 and 2, I discuss the theorem’s connection with utilitarianism

All infective bacterial species need to conquer the innate immune system in order to colonize and survive in their hosts. The human respiratory pathogens Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis are no exceptions and have developed sophisticated mechanisms to evade complement-mediated killing. Both bacterial species carry lipooligosaccharides preventing complement attacks and attract and u

Willow (Salix spp.) trees are commonly used in short rotation coppices (SRC) to produce renewable energy. However, these plants are also known to emit high concentrations of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), which have a large influence on air quality. Many different clones of commercially used Salix varieties exist today, but only a few studies have focused on BVOC emissions from these

Background and objectives: The Mi(a+) GP(B-A-B) hybrid phenotypes occur with a prevalence of 2%–23% across Southeast Asia. While the s antigen is alleged to be altered, no evidence for specific variants is known. Screening using a monoclonal IgM anti-s mistyped six S‒s+ RBC units as S‒s‒. Further, alloanti-s was identified in an S+s+ patient. Our objective was to investigate the s antigen further.

In this study, we assessed eye morphology and retinal topography in two flamingo species, the Caribbean flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber) and the Chilean flamingo (P. chilensis). Eye morphology is similar in both species and cornea size relative to eye size (C:A ratio) is intermediate between those previously reported for diurnal and nocturnal birds. Using stereology and retinal whole mounts, we est