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Sex pheromone of the pine sawfly, Gilpinia pallida: Chemical identification, synthesis, and biological activity

We present the identification of the sex pheromone in the pine sawfly, Gilpinia pallida, including analysis of the female pheromone content, male antennal response and attraction in the field, and synthesis of the most active pheromone component. Several 3,7-dimethyl-2-alkanols were identified from female whole-body extracts, including some compounds with a 2R configuration. This is the first obse

High selectivity in symbiotic associations of lichenized ascomycetes and cyanobacteria

The selectivity of mycobionts and cyanobionts in lichen symbioses were examined. We analyzed symbiotic cyanobionts, collected from different sample sites, and compared them to free-living cyanobacteria Nostoc. Cyanobionts were obtained from lichens assigned to the genera Pseudocyphellaria and Sticta, in particular. Multiple gene loci were screened and direct optimization was used in the phylogenet

Redescription of Holmia inusitata (Trilobita) from the Lower Cambrian of Scandinavia

Well-preserved topotype material of Holmia inusitata Ahlberg and Bergstrom, in Ahlberg et at., from the Lower Cambrian of Lauselva, southern Norway, allows a redescription of the species. Intraspecific variation of characters, such as the expansion and relative length (sagittal) of the anterior glabellar lobe and the curvature and length of the ocular lobes, is shown. The species is, however, cons

PSA doubling time predicts the outcome after active surveillance in screening-detected prostate cancer: Results from the European randomized study of screening for prostate cancer, Sweden section

This study reports the outcome of active surveillance in men with PSA screening-detected prostate cancer (PC), and PSA doubling time (PSADT) was evaluated as a predictor of selecting patients to active treatment or surveillance. On December 31, 1994, 10,000 men were randomized to biennial PSA testing. Through to December 2004, a total of 660 men were diagnosed with PC, of whom 270 managed with ini

Testing for panel cointegration with a level break

This paper proposes four simple tests for the null hypothesis of no cointegration in the presence of a level break. The tests are general enough to allow for endogenous regressors, serial correlation and heterogeneous breaks of unknown timing. The limiting distributions of the tests are derived and critical values are provided. We also conduct a small Monte Carlo study to investigate their finite

A comparison between simultaneous saccharification and fermentation and separate hydrolysis and fermentation using steam-pretreated corn stover

Two different process configurations, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) and separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF), were compared, at 8% water-insoluble solids (WIS), regarding ethanol production from steam-pretreated corn stover. The enzymatic loading in these experiments was 10 FPU/g WIS and the yeast concentration in SSF was 1 g/L (dry weight) of a Saccharomyces cerevisia

Aquifer interactions with a polluted mountain river of Nicaragua

The interactions between a stream and nearby shallow aquifers were investigated in a mountain basin being polluted by mercury released during mining in central Nicaragua. Hourly data series of water levels and temperatures were analysed using cross-correlation. Resistivity imaging was used to map the subsurface and to complement the hydrological data interpretation. The results show the complex hy

Differential expression of cysteine and aspartic proteases during progression of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice

Several groups of proteolytic enzymes are able to degrade components of the extracellular matrix. During atherosclerosis, matrix remodeling is believed to influence the migration and proliferation of cells within the plaque. In the present study, gene expression of several proteases and their inhibitors was analyzed during the development of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-)

DNA compaction onto hydrophobic surfaces by different cationic surfactants

DNA compaction by alkyltrimethylammonium surfactants at hydrophobized silica surfaces and the effect of the counterion, as well as the hydrocarbon chain length, was investigated by in situ null-ellipsometry. In addition, DNA compaction in the presence of a gemini surfactant, hexyl-alpha,omega-bis(dodecyldimethylammonium bromide), was studied. The type of cationic amphiphile used was found not to h

Absence of the common Insulin-like growth factor-1 19-repeat allele is associated with early age at breast cancer diagnosis in multiparous women.

Multiparity decreases the risk of breast cancer in white women, whereas it is a risk factor in black women < 50 years. Early-onset breast cancer (< 50 years) has been associated with high insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels. Absence of the common IGFI 19 cytosine-adenine ( CA)- repeat allele (IGFI-19/-19) inverts the effect of several non-genetic factors on breast cancer risk but the inter

Determination of magnetic properties of rocks by analysis of demagnetization curves: Hematite-ilmenite bearing rocks from SW Sweden

Granulites from the high-grade Sveconorwegian (corresponding to Grenvillian) gneiss terrane of SW Sweden were investigated in order to relate magnetic properties to the granulite facies mineralogy and the amphibolite facies retrograde mineralogy. We used standard paleomagnetic techniques, susceptibility measurements, electron and optical microscopy, and a new way to analyze demagnetization curves

Relationship between sex pheromone elicited behaviour and response of single olfactory receptor neurones in a wind tunnel

Responses from pheromone-specific receptor neurones in male Agrotis segetum (Denis & Schiffermuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were recorded in a laboratory wind tunnel. Stimuli were: (1) rubber septum dispensers loaded with single components or a four-component pheromone blend, (2) excised glands from female A. segetum, (3) constrained A. segetum females with extruded glands. Dose-response cur

Bone marrow-derived microglia play a critical role in restricting senile plaque formation in Alzheimer's disease

Microglia are the immune cells of the brain. Here we show a massive infiltration of highly ramified and elongated microglia within the core of amyloid plaques in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Many of these cells originate from the bone marrow, and the beta-amyloid-40 and -42 isoforms are able to trigger this chemoattraction. These newly recruited cells also exhibit a specifi

Chilled ceiling displacement ventilation design charts correlations to employ in optimized system operation for feasible load ranges

This paper expands Ghaddar et al. [N. Ghaddar, K. Ghali, R. Saadeh, A. Keblawi, Design charts for combined chilled ceiling displacement ventilation system (1438-RP), ASHRAE Transactions, 143 (2) (2008) 574-587] design charts of combined chilled ceiling (CC) displacement ventilation (DV) system to operating sensible load ranges from 40 W/m(2) to 100 W/m(2). It develops a global correlation of syste

Reduced anti-TNFalpha autoantibody levels coincide with flare in systemic lupus erythematosus

Deviating cytokine patterns, as a consequence of aberrant immunoregulation, is implicated to be of aetiopathogenetic importance in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). To evaluate the possibility of anti-cytokine autoantibody-mediated cytokine regulation/dysregulation, IgG class autoantibodies against cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-10, TNFalpha and TGFbeta(1)) were analysed by enzyme-linked immunoso

Patients perceptions of information about risks at cardiac surgery

Objective: The aim was to describe the patients' own experiences of risk information in connection with cardiac surgery and it's outcome. Methods: Questionnaires were answered prior to and 8 weeks after cardiac surgery. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Patients in the intervention group (n = 55) received standard information and a newly written extended information brochure a

Estimation of in vivo pulmonary microvascular and interstitial geometry using digital image analysis

OBJECTIVE: To determine microvascular diameter and perivascular interstitium thickness at the lung surface in the in situ, in vivo lung. METHODS: Microscopic images of the lung surface collected through a "pleural window" by a videocamera were digitized with a monochrome frame grabber (512 x 512 pixels, 8 bits per pixels) to be computer analyzed by image processing techniques. RESULTS: We found th

Reed warbler orientation: initiation of nocturnal migratory flights in relation to visibility of celestial cues at dusk

We used radiotelemetry to investigate the time of migratory flight initiation relative to available celestial orientation cues and departure direction of a nocturnal passerine migrant, the reed warbler, Acrocephalus scirpaceus, during autumn migration. The study was carried out at Falsterbo, a coastal site in southwest Sweden. The warblers initiated migration from times well after local sunset and