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We have examined the importance of the actin-based molecular motor myosin 5a for insulin granule transport and insulin secretion. Expression of myosin 5a was downregulated in clonal INS-1E cells using RNAinterference. Stimulated hormone secretion was reduced by 46% and single-cell exocytosis, measured by capacitance recordings, was inhibited by 42% after silencing. Silencing of Slac-2c/MYRIP, whic
Background Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) especially the n-3-FA of skeletal muscle phospholipids may facilitate insulin action, whereas saturated and trans-FA act oppositely. Community studies show that non-diabetic weight matched obese men and women display similar insulin resistance, despite the fact that an android fat distribution is detrimental to insulin action. The increased
We have exploited the spatial and kinetic resolution of ellipsometry to monitor the lateral movement of inhomogeneous patches of material in mixed adsorption layers of poly(ethylene imine) and sodium dodecyl sulfate at the air/liquid interface. We show that the choice of sample preparation methods can have a profound effect on the state of the interface for chemically equivalent samples. The exten
Delayed contrast-enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC) is a noninvasive technique to study cartilage glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content in vivo. This study evaluates dGEMRIC in patients with preradiographic degenerative cartilage changes. Seventeen knees in 15 patients (age 35-70) with arthroscopically verified cartilage changes (softening and fibrillations) in the medial or lateral femoral compartment
Process parameters for the extraction of glycolipids by scCO(2) from Lactobacillus plantarum B-01 were optimized by carrying out a two-level fractional design experiment. The highest glycolipids extract yield was obtained at 250 bar, 40 degrees C, CO2 flow rate, 10 g/min and hydrometanolic co-solvent, 9.3% (v/v). In the lipid extracts the carbohydrate moiety of glycolipids and in phospholipids pho
BACKGROUND: Inflammatory mediators secreted by leukocytes are implicated in atherogenesis. Chlamydia (C.) pneumoniae infection has been suggested as a trigger of this process. We investigated relationships between C. Pneumoniae serology, inflammatory mediators and symptomatic cardiovascular disease in old age. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study at baseline with a prospective 4 year follow-up, int
The volume of fluid (VOF) and immersed boundary (IB) methods are two popular computational techniques for multi-fluid dynamics. To help shed light on the performance of both techniques, we present accuracy assessment, which includes interfacial geometry, detailed and global fluid flow characteristics, and computational robustness. The investigation includes the simulations of a droplet under stati
Background: There is need for a reference method for transferrin glycoforms in serum to which routine immunologic methods for the alcohol marker carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) can be traceable. We describe an improved HPLC method for transferrin glycoforms. Methods: Transferrin was iron-saturated by mixing the serum with ferric nitrilotriacetic acid, and lipoproteins were precipitated wi
The Northern and Western dialects of the Mon-Khmer language Kammu use fundamental frequency to distinguish words, while the Eastern dialect relies on the contrastive voicing of initial consonants to distinguish words which display an F0 contrast in the other dialects. The production and perception of tones in the three dialects is investigated, using recordings and perception tests. As expected, N
A new concept for affinity two-phase partitioning was tested. The partitioning was based on the interaction of target membranes with a primary antibody which, in turn, interacted with a biotinylated secondary antibody and NeutrAvidin-dextran in a poly(ethylene glycol)/dextran two-phase system. Caveolae selectively redistributed from the top phase to the NeutrAvidin-dextran-containing bottom phase
The contents of short-chain fatty acids were investigated in rats fed lactitol, lactulose and four fructo-oligosaccharides of different degree of polymerisation and solubility. Fructo-oligosaccharides with a low degree of polymerisation (2-8) generated the highest levels of butyric acid all along the hindgut, whereas fructo-oligosaccharides with a high degree of polymerisation (10-60) generated th
Apolipoprotein M (apoM) is a novel apolipoprotein with unknown function. In this study, we established a method for isolating apoM-containing lipoproteins and studied their composition and the effect of apoM on HDL function. ApoM-containing lipoproteins were isolated from human plasma with immunoaffinity chromatography and compared with lipoproteins lacking apoM. The apoM-containing lipoproteins w
OBJECTIVE: Mapping coreceptor epitopes used by the prototypic R5 and X4 strains, HIV-1BaL and HIV-1IIIB, in comparison with epitopes involved in the activation and signaling induced by the natural ligands, RANTES and SDF-1beta. DESIGN: Receptor hybrids between CCR5 and CXCR4 were constructed. METHODS: Using single-overlap and extension PCR, increasing portions of CCR5 were replaced with correspond
Initially, domesticated African cattle were of taurine type. Today, we find both African Bos taurus and Bos indicus cattle, as well as their crossbreeds, on the continent of Africa and they all share the same set of African taurine mitochondrial DNA haplogroups. In this study, we report genetic variation as substitutions and insertions/deletions (indels) on both the X and Y chromosomes, and use th
Spruce and birch seedlings were grown together in boxes filled with unsterile pear. Both seedlings were colonized by the ectomycorrhizal fungus Scleroderma citrinum. The two plants thus shared a common external mycelium. N-15-labelled ammonium was supplied exclusively to the fungus, while the birch or the spruce plant was continuously fed with C-13-labelled CO2 for 72 h. The carbon and nitrogen tr
In this paper, 2 adaptive spectral estimation techniques are analyzed for spectral Doppler ultrasound. The purpose is to minimize the observation window needed to estimate the spectrogram to provide a better temporal resolution and gain more flexibility when designing the data acquisition sequence. The methods can also provide better quality of the estimated power spectral density (PSD) of the blo
The flow characteristics in rectangular ducts with aspect ratio of 1:8 were investigated experimentally using particle image velocimetry to reveal the function of the inclined ribs as turbulators or generators of favorable flows. Circular ribs were attached on the wide walls and the rib height-to-hydraulic diameter ratio was kept as 0.06 with an attack angle of 60degrees. The obtained results show
