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Evolution of transverse modes in a high-gain free-electron laser

At the point of saturation in a high-gain free-electron laser (FEL) the light is fully transversely coherent. The number and evolution of the transverse modes is important for the effective tune-up and subsequent operation of FELs based on the photon beam characterization and in designing multi-module devices that rely on relatively stable saturation distances in each module. In the latter, this i

Clinical lacunar syndromes as predictors of lacunar infarcts. A comparison of acute clinical lacunar syndromes and findings on diffusion-weighted MRI

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate if patients with acute lacunar syndromes have acute lacunar infarcts or other types of cerebral lesions on diffusion-weighted MRI. METHODS: Patients with acute lacunar syndromes underwent echo-planar diffusion MRI of the brain within 3 days after stroke onset. Localization and size of lesions with hyperintense signal were determined, compared with clinical characteristics a

Transient kinetics of ligand binding and role of the C-terminus in the dUTPase from equine infectious anemia virus

Transient kinetics of the equine infectious anemia virus deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nucleotide hydrolase were characterized by monitoring the fluorescence of the protein. Rate constants for the association and dissociation of substrate and inhibitors were determined and found to be consistent with a one-step mechanism for substrate binding. A C-terminal part of the enzyme presumed to be flexible

The cysteine protease inhibitors cystatins inhibit herpes simplex virus type 1-induced apoptosis and virus yield in HEp-2 cells

The role of cystatins in herpes simplex virus (HSV)-induced apoptosis and viral replication has been studied. Human epithelial (HEp-2) cells infected with wild-type HSV-1 (F), with a deletion virus lacking the anti-apoptotic gene Us3 (R7041) or with a deletion virus lacking the anti-apoptotic genes Us3 and ICP4 (d120) were treated with cystatin A, C or D. Cells and culture media were studied at di

Routing in hybrid ad hoc networks using service points

In mobile ad hoc networks, nodes are often modeled as having the same capabilities. However, there are many cases in which certain nodes host special services to other nodes in the network. Examples of such services are Internet access, DNS proxy or AAA servers. We refer to these special nodes as netmarks. Because there is a high likelihood that netmarks will communicate with the rest of the netwo

Using simple mathematical functions to simulate pathological structures--input for digital mammography clinical trial.

In this study a set of structures has been simulated to represent a range of clinically relevant breast cancer mammographic lesions including solid tumours and microcalcifications. All structures have been created using simple random-based mathematical functions and have been inserted into a subset of digital mammography images at appropriate contrast levels into various regions of the breast, inc

System Identification using LQG-Balanced Model Reduction,

System identification of linear multivariable dy-namic models based on discrete-time data can be performed using a algorithm combining linear regression and LQG-balanced model reduction. The approach is applicable also to unstable system dynamics and it provides balanced models for optimal linear prediction and control.

Airway allergy to trimellitic anhydride in guinea pigs: different time courses of IgG1 titer and airway responses to allergen challenge

BACKGROUND: Trimellitic anhydride (TMA) is a low molecular weight chemical that may cause occupational asthma in human beings. The objectives of this study were to determine the time course of immune and airway responses to TMA in guinea pigs and to relate the immunologic response to the immediate responses in lung resistance (RL) and plasma exudation induced by allergen challenge. METHODS: We stu

Novel gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing peptides from the venom of Conus textile

The cone snail is the only invertebrate system in which the vitamin K-dependent carboxylase (or gamma-carboxylase) and its product gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) have been identified. It remains the sole source of structural information of invertebrate gamma-carboxylase substrates. Four novel Gla-containing peptides were purified from the venom of Conus textile and characterized using biochemica

Costs for screening, intervention and hospital treatment generated by the Malmö Preventive Project: a large-scale community screening programme.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to estimate retrospectively the costs of health care resources used in the Malmö Preventive Project, Sweden and estimate the costs of in-patient care that were avoided because of early intervention. SETTING AND SUBJECTS: A large-scale community intervention programme was conducted from 1974 to 1992 in Malmö, Sweden with the aim of reducing morbidity and mo

Reduced neuronal injury after treatment with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) or 2-sulfo-phenyl-N-tert-butyl nitrone (S-PBN) following experimental brain contusion

OBJECTIVE: Nitric oxide (NO) and oxygen free radicals are implicated in the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Peroxynitrite formation from NO and superoxide contributes to secondary neuronal injury but the neuroprotective effects of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-inhibitors have been contradictory. This study was undertaken to examine whether PTtic administration of the (NOS)-inhibitor

In vitro molecular evolution of antibody genes mimicking receptor revision

Antibody evolution in vivo proceeds mainly by stepwise improvements, accomplished by single base pair substitutions. Lately, receptor revision, i.e. exchange of large parts of the V gene for another sequence, has been suggested to provide a complementary route for affinity maturation. By employing a receptor revision like evolution process in vitro using combinatorial libraries and phage display s