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I domstolar avgörs per idag flertalet mål genom avtalstolkning. Hur avtals-tolkning rättsligen ska klassificeras har under längre tid varit föremål för diskussion i doktrin. Något enhetligt svar på hur avtalstolkning som verksamhet ska klassificeras finns emellertid inte än idag. Förevarande uppsats ämnar undersöka huruvida HD har en mer långtgående rätt att beakta tolkningsdata än vad HD har att This thesis examines whether the Supreme Court of Sweden ex officio has a right to consider interpretation data to a higher degree than the court has in terms of evidentiary facts. In an action amenable to out-of-court settlement, it is up to the parties to set the limits of the trial. This means that the parties decide which information the court has the right to base its decision on. Some except

As legislators in recent years have adopted regulations demanding companies to disclose information on their supply chains, a new chapter of corporate transparency has been opened. However, what power such regulations have to initiate a change of corporate behaviour is questionable. In this thesis the most topical of the recently adopted supply chain transparency and due diligence regulations, are

This thesis explores how crimes against humanity in general and the crime of forcible transfer of population in particular, cover the most serious situations of development-induced displacement. The focus lies on the legal protection through international criminal law of persons displaced in an unjustified way as a result of development projects, such as the building of dams, roads, and other infr

The Nuremberg Charter introduced corporate criminal liability into international law and the great American Chief Prosecutor Justice Robert Jackson gave a promise that any legal person who commits crimes prescribed by international law shall be prosecuted and punished according to international criminal law. However, during this period of time, a corporation was never prosecuted per se as the sitt

Denna uppsats behandlar tre olika värderingsfrågor vad gäller aktier som är föremål för tvångsinlösen. Tvångsinlösen får påkallas då en aktieägare äger mer än nio tiondelar av andelarna i ett bolag. Rätten att påkalla tvångsinlösen gäller för såväl majoritetsaktieägaren som var och en av minoritetsaktieägarna. En värdering av aktierna måste, i de fall parterna inte kan komma överens om värdet, förThe thesis examines three questions with regards to how the share value is determined in companies which are subject to buy-out. When a shareholder owns more than nine tenths of the shares in a company, either the majority shareholder or a minority shareholder are able to demand that the majority shareholder should buy-out the rest of the shares in the company. When the parties are not able to agr

Detta examensarbete identifierar styrkor och svagheter i multilevel governance-teorin, när denna appliceras på EU-domstolens rättspraxis. Metoden som används är alltså främst en rättsfallsanalys. Material från ett flertal författare har använts för att identifiera relevanta rättsfall och ge juridiska analyser av rättspraxisen, samt även ge en beskrivning av teorin. Genom beskrivningen av teorin haThis thesis identifies the strengths and weaknesses of multilevel governance when the theory is applied to the case law of the Court of Justice. The method used is thus first and foremost a case law study. Materials from various scholars have been used to identify relevant cases and provide legal analyses of the case law, as well as provide a description of the theory. Through the description of t

The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether, and if so, why, the rural has been overlooked in Nora municipality's comprehensive planning until the consultation phase. The aim is also to investigate if you can discern any underlying assumptions that explain the treatment of the rural in the consultation phase. Further distinguish some changes in how to plan for the rural in planning bet

Denna uppsats behandlar Europaparlamentets roll i förhandlingarna om ett utträdesavtal enligt artikel 50 FEU. Det teoretiska perspektivet är multi-level governance genom vilket Europaparlamentet ses som, från medlemsstaterna oberoende aktör som kan ha intresse av att påverka förhandlingarna och utträdesavtalet. Europaparlamentet måste enligt Artikel 50(3) FEU ge sitt godkännande till utträdesavtalThis thesis discusses the European Parliament’s role in the procedure for concluding a withdrawal agreement under Article 50 TEU. The theoretical base for the discussions is multi-level governance. Through the Multi-level governance perspective, the European Parliament can be seen as an independent actor from the Member States that might want to influence the negotiations and content of the withdr

Föreställningen att alla människor är lika inför lagen, och skall erhålla samma rättsliga skydd, är allmänt vedertagen inom västerländsk rätt. Detta till trots görs det alltjämt undantag till denna regel. Beroende på faktorer hänförliga till brottsoffrets identitet, såsom vederbörandes yrke, sexualitet, ålder och etnicitet, m.fl., kan fysiskt likvärdiga våldshandlingar ibland bestraffas olika. DenThe notion that all are equal before law, and thus are entitled to equal protection by law, is well established in Western society. However, there are still exceptions to this rule. Physically similar acts of violence may be punished differently, depending on the identity of the victim. Not only the severity of an assault, but also the sexuality, occupation, age and ethnicity of the victim are fac

The European Border and Coast Guard was launched on October 6th, 2016. It was established through Regulation 2016/1624 and replaces the European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States. The Agency is more known as Frontex. The objective with this thesis is to examine two problems in Regulation 2016/1624 that was addressed at the negotiatio

This thesis orbits around the changes in the Swedish abortion laws during the last century, and the relation to religion. The aim is to make visible the values enshrined in the first abortion law, and those in the current abortion law, as the legislation made a volte-face in the 1970’s. Today, abortion is a right and the state is the duty-bearer. This construction collides with the conscience of r

The big influx of people seeking asylum in EU Member States in recent years has led to many asylum seekers having to wait a long time for a decision on their asylum applications. For over 25 years, the EU has been encouraging Member States to adopt procedural measures in their national legislations to streamline asylum procedures and in July 2016, the EU Commission presented a proposal for a new R

One of urban planning’s responsibility is to ensure children’s right to outdoor space in Swedish kindergartens is met. Legislation that regulates outdoor areas in kindergartens is broad, stating that “enough space” should be granted. However, critical voices flag the shrinking outdoor space that jeopardizes children’s right to a healthy outdoor environment. Each municipality is responsible to dete

Background: Job satisfaction is a well studied factor within health care but in the field of radiography the research is limited. Aim: The aim was to describe the Swedish radiographers job satisfaction in a national perspective. Method: The study was conducted as a quantitative cross-sectional study using a web questionnaire. The questionnaire was sent to 2114 registerd radiographers based on the

Regleringen på aktiemarknaden grundar sig på tanken att samtliga marknadsaktörer ska behandlas lika och få tillgång till samma information samtidigt. Art. 17 MAR utgör exempel på reglering som syftar till att säkerställa denna likabehandling. Artikeln stadgar skyldighet för noterade bolag att offentliggöra insiderinformation och medger endast undantag under särskilda omständigheter. Övervakningen The regulations in the stock market are based on the idea that all market participants shall be treated equally and get access to the same information simultaneously. Article 17 in MAR constitutes an example of regulation that aims at ensuring equality between the market participants. According to the article, listed companies are obligated to disclose inside information and exceptions are only al

The study investigates the underlying factors and motives that led to the planning of collective housing in Sweden, from the 1930s until today. The brand new collective housing KomBo is used as an example to illuminate the current practice for collective housing planning. Through a critical review of various planning related documents and a total of five interviews, the study conclude the followin

The coast of Scania is vulnerable to disasters due to rising sea levels in combination with multiple communities along the coast. In the future, such disasters may become more frequent due to climate change and that may lead to predicted damages that are not covered by insurances. This increased risk of costs may lead to negative effects on the individual property owner and thereby also on the mun

With the development of extremely precise spectral filters based on spectral hole burning and slow light effects, the idea of their implementation in an Ultrasound Optical Tomography (UOT) medical imaging technique arose. Simulations have shown that the resulting Contrast-to-Noise (CNR) ratio is fairly good at depths up to 5 cm but decreases dramatically when probing deeper in tissue. One of the p

The availability of a “male network” of family members and/or friends may be decisive for the outcome of a woman’s asylum application. As it is recognised under the jurisprudence of ECtHR and Swedish asylum adjudicators that women, who originates from countries where societal structures maintain women’s reliance on men, are particularly vulnerable. The Migration Agency, the Swedish decision-making

In mathematical education it is crucial to have a good teaching plan and to execute it correctly. In particular, this is true in the field of numerical analysis. Every teacher has a different style of teaching. This thesis studies how the basic material of a particular topic in numerical analysis was developed in four different textbooks. We compare and evaluate this process in order to achieve a