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Mild Microwave-Assisted Hydrolysis of Acetals Under Solvent-Free Conditions

Acetals are efficiently hydrolyzed with silica gel‐supported pyridinium tosylate moistened with water in solvent‐free conditions under microwave irradiation. The method is efficient and mild, with acid‐sensitive 3‐hydroxyacetals and 3‐methoxyacetals being hydrolyzed in minutes in good yields.

Subjective recording of fetal movements. III. Screening of a pregnant population; the clinical significance of decreased fetal movement counts

In order to determine the clinical significance of decreased fetal movement counts, pregnancy outcome was compared between women with decreased fetal movement counts on their Fetal Movement Charts (FMC) (n = 161) and women with normal fetal movement counts (n = 1,354). 1,515 women in the third trimester of pregnancy counted fetal movements for 15 min in the evening and noted the count on a FMC. An

The role of context and inhibition in ADHD.

We have shown in a computational model that a poor memory for context could result in some of the behaviors associated with ADHD, which is well in line with the dynamic developmental theory. Given the important role of context in extinction, a weaker context due to a steeper delay-of-reinforcement gradient would result in impaired inhibition.

Responses to antidromic trigeminal nerve stimulation, substance P, NKA, CGRP and capsaicin in the rat eye

In the rat eye, intracameral injections of substance P in doses of 10-30 pmol caused a maximal long-lasting miosis and a leakage of plasma proteins into the aqueous humor, indicating a breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier. Neurokinin A seemed equipotent to SP, but calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) (17 pmol) caused neither miosis nor protein leakage into the aqueous humor. The same result wa

Application of Flamelet Chemistry Model to Vitiated Methane-Air Diffusion Flames

A laminar flamelet model has been used to calculate chemistry of methane-air flamelets in vitiated and non-vitiated environment. The calculated results for temperature and stable species concentrations agree well with other models of the same kind. The present results also agree quite well with recent laboratory measurements of both laminar and turbulent diffusion flames. The largest discrepancy b

Byggprocessforum för en effektivare process

The Construction Process Forum was initiated by the Construction Council. The Construction Council is an organisation which supports cooperation between universities and the construction industry. The Construction Process Forum was formed through that chosen key persons were asked to come up with suggestions on how to create a more effective construction process plus how to improve the image of co

Evidence for a narrow anti-charmed baryon state

A narrow resonance in D*(-)p and D*(+)(p) over bar invariant mass combinations is observed in inelastic electron-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 300 GeV and 320 GeV at HERA. The resonance has a mass of 3099 +/- 3(stat.) +/- 5(syst.) MeV and a measured Gaussian width of 12 +/- 3(stat.) MeV, compatible with the experimental resolution. The resonance is interpreted as an anti-charmed

Prognostic factors in soft tissue sarcoma. Tissue microarray for immunostaining, the importance of whole-tumor sections and time-dependence.

Popular Abstract in Swedish Maligna mjukdelstumörer, så kallade mjukdelssarkom, utgör hos vuxna en ovanlig tumörform som uppkommer i kroppens stödjevävnader. Till dessa räknas muskler, fett, bindväv, slemsäckar samt kärl och nerver som försörjer dessa vävnader. Trots att stödjevävnaderna omfattar mer än hälften av den totala kroppsvikten, utgör mjukdelssarkomen mindre än 1 % av alla maligna tumöreIn adult soft tissue sarcoma (STS) of the extremities and trunk wall, improved prognostic factors are needed to identify patients at high-risk for metastasis. Various factors are included in the many prognostic systems currently in use and the prognostic value of immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of biological markers is unclear. The tissue-preserving, high throughput tissue microarray (TMA) te

Stretch-dependent modulation of contractility and growth in smooth muscle of rat portal vein

Increased intraluminal pressure of the rat portal vein in vivo causes hypertrophy and altered contractility in 1 to 7 days. We have used organ cultures to investigate mechanisms involved in this adaptation to mechanical load. Strips of rat portal vein were cultured for 3 days, either undistended or loaded by a weight. Length-force relations were shifted toward longer length in stretched cultured v

Asymptotic distributions in random graphs with applications to social networks

Various kinds of subgraph counts have been proposed as important statistics in the social sciences: for instance, in connection with studies of the structural properties of social networks. Since the empirical structure in question often involves an element of randomness, subgraph counts are random variables and, consequently, we need to describe their probabilistic properties. In this paper we gi

Risk of haemorrhagic stroke in patients with oral anticoagulation compared with the general population

Objectives. To compare the incidence of haemorrhagic stroke (HS), and the risk of fatal outcome after HS in patients with oral anticoagulation (OA) treatment and in the general population. Design. Five-year cohort study. Setting. The Anticoagulation Clinic, Malmo University Hospital, Lund, Sweden. Subjects. A total of 4434 patients treated with OA (6693 treatment years) from 1 Oct 1993 to 30 Sept

Long-range interactions and parallel scalability in molecular simulations

Typical biomolecular systems such as cellular membranes, DNA, and protein complexes are highly charged. Thus, efficient and accurate treatment of electrostatic interactions is of great importance in computational modeling of such systems. We have employed the GROMACS simulation package to perform extensive benchmarking of different commonly used electrostatic schemes on a range of computer archite

Effects of Ca2+ on force-velocity characteristics of normal and hypertrophic smooth muscle of the rat portal vein

Portal hypertension was induced in rats by partial ligation of the hepatic branches of the portal vein. After 5 days of hypertension the portal veins were taken out and mounted for isometric and quick-release experiments. Portal veins from sham-operated normal rats served as controls. The ligated veins had an increased cross-sectional area, indicating smooth-muscle hypertrophy. Although the absolu

Quantitative evaluation of HIV-1 coreceptor use in the GHOST(3) cell assay

The utility of the GHOST(3) cell assay has been evaluated for testing coreceptor use of primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates. GHOST(3) cells were derived from the human osteosarcoma cell line, HOS, and have been engineered to stably express CD4 and one or another of the chemokine receptors CCR3, CCR5, CXCR4, Bonzo, or the orphan receptor BOB. The Indicator cell line carries