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The molecular basis of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA)-induced dyskinesia (LID), one of the major hindrances in the current therapy for Parkinson's disease, is still unclear. We show that attenuation of cAMP signaling in the medium spiny neurons of the striatum, achieved by genetic inactivation of the dopamine and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of 32 kDa (DARPP-32), reduces LID. We also show

PCB concentrations were studied in different soils to determine the spatial variation over a region of approximately 11000 km(2). PCB congener pattern was used to illustrate the spatial differences, as shown by principal component analysis (PCA). The relationship to different soil parameters was studied. PCB concentrations in soil showed a large variation between sampling-areas with median concent

Fourteen obligate alkaliphilic and halotolerant bacterial isolates, exhibiting extracellular amylase activity at 55degreesC and pH 10, were isolated from hot springs around Lake Bogoria, Kenya. From 16S rDNA sequence analysis, nine isolates shared 100% identity with Bacillus halodurans strain DSM 497(T), while the rest shared 99% identity with alkaliphilic Bacillus species A-59. PCR of the interge

Most III-V compound semiconductor nanowires seeded by metal particles grow preferentially in a (over bar 1 over bar 1 over bar 1)B direction (B wires) and most commonly with many stacking faults perpendicular to the growth direction. If growth proceeds in an alternate direction, defect-free growth has been observed. We present experimental results for the growth of GaAs nanowires in a previously u

When an argon matrix containing hydrogen peroxide dimer is irradiated with 266 nm radiation from a YAG laser, water forms. Some of it is formed as monomer but the main part is formed as dimer. The photogenerated water dimer is formed together with an oxygen molecule in the cage of the parent hydrogen peroxide dimer and the dimer bands are shifted from their normal positions indicating that the cag

Polarization deficiency and excess ion hydration free energy at an electric field E (ion hydration free energy at the field E subtracted by the ion hydration free energy at zero field) of hydrated calcium, sodium, and chlori e ions have been determined by Monte Carlo simulations. A spherical cell containing either one ion and molecular water or only molecular water subjected to an external electri

A method for determination of N-methylsuccinimide (MSI) and 2-hydroxy-N-methylsuccinimide (2-HMSI) in human urine and of MSI in human plasma was developed. MSI and 2-HMSI are metabolites of the widely used organic solvent N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). MSI and 2-HMSI were purified from urine and plasma by C8 solid-phase extraction and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the negative

Chagasin is a protein produced by Trypanosoma cruzi, the parasite that causes Chagas' disease. This small protein belongs to a recently defined family of cysteine protease inhibitors. Although resembling well-known inhibitors like the cystatins in size (110 amino acid residues) and function (they all inhibit papain-like (Cl family) proteases), it has a unique amino acid sequence and structure. We

We have performed an eight-band k center dot p model calculation on the current-voltage (I-V) curves associated with interband magnetotransport in a double-barrier broken-gap heterostructure using the Burt-Foreman multiband envelope function theory and the scattering matrix approach. In a sample with very thin barriers, the broadening Gamma(0) of a virtual bound state with energy E-0 can be very l

This statement examines the relation of the resting ECG to its technology. Its purpose is to foster understanding of how the modern ECG is derived and displayed and to establish standards that will improve the accuracy and usefulness of the ECG in practice. Derivation of representative waveforms and measurements based on global intervals are described. Special emphasis is placed on digital signal

Fluorescence intensity transients of single molecules of the conjugated polymer poly[2-methoxy,5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-p-phenylene-vinylene] (MEH-PPV) were studied at 15 K. Fluorescence blinking behavior was observed despite the expected low-temperature suppression of energy migration in such disordered molecular systems. Presence of the fluorescence blinking effect at 15K indicates that the single mo

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are reported as activated in excess in the morbidly obese state and, therefore, changes after weight loss can be anticipated. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of a massive (similar to30%) weight reduction on the activation of the HPA axis and the ANS following bariatric surgery. Eight (7 women, 1 ma