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This resource is a disaster risk financing conceptual framework to assist humanitarian donors, practitioners, and their partners (governments, local communities, etc.) to develop and implement more effective disaster risk financing activities.
Public health measures introduced in early 2020 to curb the spread of Covid-19 played a critical role in mitigating the worst effects of the pandemic. This column highlights how to understand the effectiveness of these policies in MENA, and the importance of evaluating the relationship between risk perception and compliance. People’s risk perception and attitudes towards the disease varied over ti
Background Effective cooperation between B-cells and T-cells within the tumor microenvironment may lead to the regression of established tumors. B-cells and T-cells can recognize tumor antigens with exquisite specificity via their receptor complexes. Nevertheless, whether a diverse intratumoral B-cells and T-cell receptor (BCR, TCR) repertoire affects the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and c
Oxide defects in the high-k/InGaAs MOS system are investigated. The behaviour of these traps is explored from room temperature down to 10 K. This study reveals that the exchange of free carriers between oxide states and either the conduction or the valence band is strongly temperature dependant. The capture and emission of electrons is strongly suppressed at 10 K as demonstrated by the collapse of
Objective: Late night spontaneous growth hormone (GH) pulses may influence the pituitary GH response to provocation tests. We evaluated GH response during arginine-insulin-tolerance test (AITT) after a GH peak during a short spontaneous nocturnal profile (SSNP) in children with short stature or low growth velocity. Design: Using SSNP and subsequent AITT, we examined 257 children 4–18 years old (13
Meteorological drought is a common hydrological hazard that affects human life. It is one of the significant factors leading to water and food scarcity. Early detection of drought events is necessary for sustainable agricultural and water resources management. For the catchments with scarce meteorological observatory stations, the lack of observed data is the main leading cause of unfeasible susta
An astonishing number of bat fatalities (2,371 belonging to 15 species) were recovered in a provincial surveillance program at wind farms in Cádiz, at the southern tip of Spain, in 2005–2016. We carefully analysed a subset of this sample intending to estimate the true fatality rate in the year 2011, the year for which we had the richest data set (582 fatalities at 38 wind farms). To estimate the t
Background: Several studies of distal radial fractures have investigated final displacement and its association with clinical outcomes. There is still no consensus on the importance of radiographic outcomes, and published studies have not used the same criteria for acceptable alignment. Previous reports have involved the use of linear or dichotomized analyses.Methods:The present study included 438
Great reed warblers, Acrocephalus arundinaceus,1 and great snipes, Gallinago media,2 exhibit a diel cycle in flight altitudes—flying much higher during the day than the night—when performing migratory flights covering both night and day. One hypothesis proposed to explain this behavior is that the birds face additional heating by solar radiation during daytime and hence must climb to very high, an
Frequency-domain electromagnetic induction (EMI) methods are commonly used to map vast areas quickly and with minimum logistical efforts. Unfortunately, they are often characterized by a very limited number of frequencies and severe ill-posedness. On the other hand, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) approaches are usually considered more reliable; for example, they do not require specific ca
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by binding to the 3' untranslated regions (UTR) of target genes. Aberrant expression of miRNAs can lead to disease, including cancer. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Among several factors, differential expression of miRNA can have serious consequ
Importance: There are limited efficacious treatments for Alzheimer disease. Objective: To assess efficacy and adverse events of donanemab, an antibody designed to clear brain amyloid plaque. Design, Setting, and Participants: Multicenter (277 medical research centers/hospitals in 8 countries), randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 18-month phase 3 trial that enrolled 1736 participants with
In the era of stem cell research and regenerative medicine, understanding the regulatory networks that drive cellular reprogramming is fundamental. The study entitled ‘‘Cross-lineage potential of Ascl1 uncovered by comparing diverse reprogramming regulatomes’’ published in Stem Cell Reports sheds light on the remarkable versatility of Ascl1, a transcription factor known for its pivotal role in neu
Importance: The association of early diagnosis and management of bipolar disorder with adolescent suicide mortality (ASM) is unknown. Objective: To assess regional associations between ASM and bipolar disorder diagnosis frequencies. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional study investigated the association between annual regional ASM and bipolar disorder diagnosis rates in Swedish
Regular physical activity (PA) and limited sedentary time (SED) are highly recommended in international guidelines for patients after a myocardial infarction (MI). Data on PA and SED are often self-reported in clinical practice and, hence, reliable and valid questionnaires are crucial. This study aimed to assess the test–retest reliability, criterion validity and agreement of two PA and one SED qu
BACKGROUND: Numerous laboratory tests are used in the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus. The quality of the scientific evidence supporting the use of these assays varies substantially. APPROACH: An expert committee compiled evidence-based recommendations for laboratory analysis in screening, diagnosis, or monitoring of diabetes. The overall quality of the evidence and the strength of t
The structure of small metal crystals has been intensively examined by high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM). In particular, multiply-twinned gold and silver crystals have been characterized using the profile-imaging method1,2 at atomic resolution, and reconstructed metal surfaces observed2. Crystal structure images of large gold clusters consisting of 55 gold atoms arranged in a cubeoctahedr
A large gold cluster with the formula Au55[(C6H5)3P]12Cl6, was imaged with a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) and a proposed model was confirmed. Growth of gold crystals of approximately 4.0 nm size could be followed, row by row of atoms, with the use of a low light level TV camera and on-line image processing.
