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Experimental and theoretical analysis of in-plane cohesive testing of paperboard

In-plane cohesive failure of paperboard was characterized by short-span uniaxial tension tests. Six paperboards' qualities were experimentally investigated, from which cohesive stress-widening curves were extracted. A fracture energy was defined, expressed in the tensile strength and maximum slope of the cohesive stress-widening relation. Analytical cohesive relations were derived based on the ten

Narrating climate futures : shared socioeconomic pathways and literary fiction

In parallel with five new scientific scenarios of alternative societal developments (shared socioeconomic pathways, SSPs), a wide range of literary representations of a future world in which climate change comes to matter have emerged in the last decade. Both kinds of narrative are important forms of “world-making.” This article initiates a conversation between science and literature through situa

Computational homogenisation for thermoviscoplasticity : application to thermally sprayed coatings

Metal forming processes require wear-resistant tool surfaces in order to ensure a long life cycle of the expensive tools together with a constant high quality of the produced components. Thermal spraying is a relatively widely applied coating technique for the deposit of wear protection coatings. During these coating processes, heterogeneous coatings are deployed at high temperatures followed by q

Chemical changes in organic matter after fungal colonization in a nitrogen fertilized and unfertilized Norway spruce forest

Background and aims: Decomposition and transformation of organic matter (OM) in forest soils are conducted by the concomitant action of saprotrophic and mycorrhizal fungi. Here, we examine chemical changes in OM after fungal colonization in nitrogen fertilized and unfertilized soils from a Norway spruce forest. Methods: Sand-filled bags amended with composted maize leaves were placed in the forest

Reliability Based Design Optimization for Multiaxial Fatigue Damage Analysis Using Robust Hybrid Method

The purpose of the Reliability-Based Design Optimization (RBDO) is to find the best compromise between safety and cost. Therefore, several methods, such as the Hybrid Method (HM) and the Optimum Safety Factor (OSF) method, are developed to achieve this purpose. However, these methods have been applied only on static cases and some special dynamic ones. But, in real mechanical applications, structu

A validation study of an interviewer-administered short food frequency questionnaire in assessing dietary vitamin D and calcium intake in swedish children

Vitamin D and calcium are essential nutrients with a range of biological effects of public health relevance. This study aimed to validate a short food frequency questionnaire (SFFQ) against a three-day food record (3D record), assessing the intake of vitamin D and calcium in Swedish children during wintertime. In a double-blinded, randomized food-based intervention study on the effect of feeding d

Impact of basic angle variations on the parallax zero point for a scanning astrometric satellite

Context. Determination of absolute parallaxes by means of a scanning astrometric satellite such as Hipparcos or Gaia relies on the short-term stability of the so-called basic angle between the two viewing directions. Uncalibrated variations of the basic angle may produce systematic errors in the computed parallaxes. Aims. We examine the coupling between a global parallax shift and specific variati

First evidence of multiple populations along the AGB from Strömgren photometry

Spectroscopic studies have demonstrated that nearly all Galactic globular clusters (GCs) harbour multiple stellar populations with different chemical compositions. Moreover, colour-magnitude diagrams based exclusively on Strömgrem photometry have allowed us to identify and characterise multiple populations along the RGB of a large number of clusters. In this paper we show for the first time that S

Tourism, tourist learning and sustainability : an exploratory discussion of complexities, problems and opportunities

Learning is often a central element of tourism. Tourists can learn actively, i.e. with a specific purpose, as well as passively through the comparison of values, norms and customs. It has been argued that travel supports active learning that has positive outcomes for sustainability, for instance, in the context of conservation. Yet, the complexity of active and passive learning processes and their

The Gaia -ESO Survey : radial distribution of abundances in the Galactic disc from open clusters and young-field stars

Context. The spatial distribution of elemental abundances in the disc of our Galaxy gives insights both on its assembly process and subsequent evolution, and on the stellar nucleogenesis of the different elements. Gradients can be traced using several types of objects as, for instance, (young and old) stars, open clusters, HII regions, planetary nebulae. Aims. We aim to trace the radial distributi

Molecular Dynamic Simulations of Ionic Liquid's Structural Variations from Three to One Layers inside a Series of Slit and Cylindrical Nanopores

We apply molecular dynamic simulations to describe [C2mim+][Tf2N-] ionic liquids and its mixtures with solvents confined inside carbon nanopores. Both slit and cylindrical pores are modeled to determine the influence of pore geometry on the electric double layer (EDL) structure and capacitance. Two types of solvents are selected to dilute the ionic liquids in order to establish the effect of solve

Dynamic Fault-Tolerance and Mobility Provisioning for Services on Mobile Cloud Platforms

We present the implementation of a platform for providing mobility and reliability to computational tasks that are executed in the access cloud. The platform is primarily aimed at providing an experimental tool for further studying of sophisticated techniques for task scheduling, placement and migration policies. In its current form, the platform supports streaming services but can be extended wit

3D dose computation algorithms

The calculation of absorbed dose within patients during external photon beam radiotherapy is reviewed. This includes the modelling of the radiation source i.e. in most cases a linear accelerator (beam modelling) and examples of dose calculation algorithms applied within the patient i.e. the dose engine. For the first part - the beam modelling, the different sources in the treatment head as target,

Dose integration and dose rate characteristics of a NiPAM polymer gel MRI dosimeter system

The normoxic polymer gel dosimeter based on N-isopropyl acrylamide (NiPAM) is a promising full 3D-dosimeter with high spatial resolution and near tissue equivalency. NiPAM gel samples were irradiated to different doses using a linear accelerator. The absorbed dose was evaluated using MRI and statistical significance of the analysed data was calculated. The analysis was carried out using an in-hous

DNS study of dependence of bulk consumption velocity in a constant-density reacting flow on turbulence and mixture characteristics

3D Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) study of propagation of a single-reaction wave in forced, statistically stationary, homogeneous, isotropic, and constant-density turbulence was performed in order to evaluate both developing Ut T and fully developed Us T bulk turbulent consumption velocities by independently varying a ratio of 0.5 ≤ u'=SL ≤ 90 of the r.m.s. turbulent velocity to the laminar wav

Measurements of integrated and differential cross sections for isolated photon pair production in pp collisions at s =8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A measurement of the production cross section for two isolated photons in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of s=8 TeV is presented. The results are based on an integrated luminosity of 20.2 fb-1 recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The measurement considers photons with pseudorapidities satisfying |ηγ|40 GeV and ET,2γ>30 GeV for the two leading photons or

Cross section and transverse single-spin asymmetry of muons from open heavy-flavor decays in polarized p+p collisions at s =200 GeV

The cross section and transverse single-spin asymmetries of μ- and μ+ from open heavy-flavor decays in polarized p+p collisions at s=200 GeV were measured by the PHENIX experiment during 2012 at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Because heavy-flavor production is dominated by gluon-gluon interactions at s=200 GeV, these measurements offer a unique opportunity to obtain information on the triglu

Distinct roles of light-activated channels TRP and TRPL in photoreceptors of periplaneta americana

Electrophysiological studies in Drosophila melanogaster and Periplaneta americana have found that the receptor current in their microvillar photoreceptors is generated by two light-activated cationic channels, TRP (transient receptor potential) and TRPL (TRP-like), each having distinct properties. However, the relative contribution of the two channel types to sensory information coding by photorec