There is a great interest in trying to pin-point strain specific effects of probiotics on the immune system. The present study compared desirable immunomodulatory properties of newly isolated, novel probiotic strains of different species in a mouse Peyer’s Patch (PP) cell model in vitro, mainly focusing on their ability to affect the population of CD4+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg), and in incre

Denna uppsats undersöker svenska judars utsatthet, trygghet och upplevda risk. Undersökningen har gjorts genom en kombination av kvantitativ och kvalitativ metod. Syftet med uppsatsen är att presentera deskriptiv statistisk dataanalys och att nyansera och få djupare förståelse för denna genom kvalitativa utsagor. Det empiriska materialet har teoretiserats utifrån en kombination av konventionella t

This thesis studies protection as integral to security. Protection has been used to keep women from the ‘public sphere’ and abused by peacekeepers and patriarchs alike, suggesting that being protected is not synonymous with being safe but can cause violence and exclusion. From that contradiction, I ask how the concepts of protection and security are produced, and to what effects for (gender) equal

The conflict in Ukraine is not only a conflict in a strictly traditional or material sense, in terms of a quest for territory or over military power. Rather, it is a conflict where the battlefield is located in the United Nations Security Council, and the battle is a verbal war between ambassadors and diplomats about conflicting narratives and how the conflict should be defined. In this thesis, a

Validation of gene × environment interaction results from epidemiological studies in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) is usually hampered by insufficient statistical power. Genotype-based recall (GBR) refers to the design of studies in which subgroups of the population are selected based on their genotypes. In this thesis we test if a GBR approach of recruiting two groups of participants with dis

Energipålar är grundläggningspålar kombinerade med kollektorslangar som används som vertikala markvärmeväxlare. De har sedan 1980-talet använts i Centraleuropa, och används även frekvent i England. I Sverige har energipålar ännu inte slagit igenom, men de större byggföretagen börjar nu intressera sig för denna typ av grundläggning. En fördel med energipålar jämfört med konventionella bergvärmebruEnergy piles are deep foundation piles combined with collector pipes. They are used as vertical ground heat exchangers, and have been used since the 1980s in Central Europe and frequently in England. Energy piles have not yet had its breakthrough in Sweden, but right now the bigger construction companies have turned their eyes to this type of deep foundation. One advantage with energy piles, when

The EES, Lisbon and Europe 2020 are the most relevant soft law strategies promoting the improvement of work-family reconciliation-related policies in the EU Member States. In this study, the cases of the German Elterngeld reforms are applied to scrutinise the influences of these three strategies on domestic policy-making. Thus, this research work is based on the theoretical framework of soft Europ

Recent years has seen an increase in the support for the radical right all over Europe, Sweden not excluded. The debate has ranged from the dangers of islamization, to the slightly more philosophic question as to who is to be part of the nation. However, at the other side of the world, another form of nationalism, one seldom discussed, is seemingly growing in strength and consequences – the Buddhi

FilP- Ett protein med förstärkande egenskaper Bakterier finns i alla möjliga former och storlekar. Ett släkte bakterier som alla har varit i kontakt med, de flesta utan att veta om det, är Streptomyces. Streptomyces är en jordlevande bakterie som bildar ett nätverk av långa hyfer och är orsaken till att jord luktar som den gör. Men det är inte för sin jorddoft som Streptomyces är mest känd, det ä

This essay estimates the trends in Income-Related Health Inequalities (IRHI) in 11 European countries between 2006 to 2013 and investigates the sensitivity of these trends with respect to different inequality measures. The motivation for this study is both empirically and theoretically driven. Empirically, there have been many studies aiming to quantify and explain IRHI but relatively few have inv

Med direktiv 2008/52 EG avser kommissionen främja uppgörelser om tvister i godo, särskilt genom medling. Direktivet kräver att medlemsstaterna ger domstolarna befogenhet att föreslå parterna i målet att denna metod används, dock utan att tvinga dem att använda den. I Sverige har detta direktiv implementerats genom Lag (2011:860) om medling i vissa privaträttsliga tvister. Uppsatsen ger en förklaThrough Directive 2008/52/EC the European Union intends to encourage amicable dispute resolution, particularly through the use of mediation The Directive requires the Member States to authorise the courts to suggest the use of this method to the litigants, without, however, compelling them to use it. In Sweden, this directive was implemented through Lag (2011:860) om medling i vissa privaträttslig

Research on financial crises is important and especially relevant nowadays when the economy is slowing down globally. The crisis 2007-8 and the Great Depression of the 20th century are the longest and most severe financial calamities ever experienced and they share some eerie similarities with the Panic of 1857 – they all originate in the US but have international implications because they take pl

Den termiska klimatupplevelsen påverkas mest av lufttemperaturen som är enkel att mäta med en vanlig termometer, men för att ta reda på hur temperaturen i ett rum upplevs räcker det inte med att enbart undersöka lufttemperaturen. Även om lufttemperaturen ligger på en komfortabel nivå så kan en kall yta i närheten få personen att känna att det är kyligt i rummet och på motsvarande sätt kan varma ytThe thermal climate experience is most affected by air temperature that is easy to measure with a standard thermometer, but to find out how the temperature in a room is felt it is not enough to merely examine the air temperature. Even if the air temperature is at a comforta-ble level, then a cold surface near get the person to feel that it is chilly in the room and cor-respondingly the hot surface

Hydrauliska parametrar är viktiga att kunna mäta i samband med stadsplanering, prospektering och för att få fram information om hur en möjlig föroreningstransport genom jordlager och berggrund skulle kunna ske. Slugtest är ett enkelt akvifertest som tar fram värden på formationens genomsläpplighet och har flera fördelar jämfört med andra akvifertester. I denna studie berörs grundvattenrör med liteHydraulic analysis plays a crucial role in urban planning, prospecting and environmetal assess-ments. Slug test is an aquifer test often used by hydrogeologist and engineers to determine the hydraulic conduct-ivity. In this bachelor thesis I discuss aquifers with small diameter piezometers where some of the them are screened across the water table. The essay is conducted in cooperation with the su

After the breakup of the Soviet Union Estonian economy found itself cut off from its main markets and production links. One major barrier in the economic transformation and diversification process that followed was the lack of necessary tacit productive knowledge in the country. Furthermore, local firms had no or only weak links to the global production and knowledge networks that function as impo

The objective of this study is to analyse the possible relationship between competition and innovation using Statitics Sweden Community Innovation Survey 2012. The dependent variable innovation is measured in terms of expenditure on R&D and obtained numbers of patents. The independent variable competition is measured in terms of a Herfindahl-Hirschman index and two Lerner-index, one at industr

År 2005 började europeisk industri- och energiproduktion handla med utsläppsrätter i handelssystemet EU ETS. Tanken är att marknaden kommer minska koldioxidutsläppen där priset för utsläppsminskningar är lägst, och den Europeiska kommissionen beskriver EU ETS som ett nyskapande och kostnadseffektivt styrmedel. Men flera företag i mineralbranschen upplever utsläppshandeln som krångligt och orättvisThe European Union Emissions Trade System (EU ETS) is the central climate political tool for reduction of carbon dioxide emissions within the union, and is still the largest emissions trading system in the world ten years after the launch in 2005. One of the industry branches included in the system is the mineral branch: the production of cement, lime, glass, ceramics and mineral wool. These indus

Ryssland är världens näst största mottagarland för invandring och den ryska allmänheten oroas över inflödet av legal och illegal arbetskraft från främst de postsovjetiska länderna. Denna sociolingvistiska studie undersöker fyra uttryck som antas användas för att rubricera arbetsmigranter; gastarbajter, trudovoj migrant, uzbek och tjurka. Rubriceringar av arbetsmigranter antas bära denotativa och k

In this master´s thesis I seek to explore the concept of restorative justice, an ideological approach to justice which aims to repair the harm caused by crime through means of communication, cooperation, participation and restoration. By involving all parties affected by crime, restorative justice seeks to address crime through empowering victims, increasing community cohesion and making offenders

The minority of Greenland Inuit in Denmark has long been object of prejudice concerning alcohol abuse and general low social standards. Due to the colonial history between Greenland and Denmark and the subsequent decades as an actual part of the Danish kingdom, much of this is caused by Danish structural adjustments. Even though the general level of drinking among the population of Greenland has d