Translation of novel discoveries to human disease is limited by the availability of human tissue-based models of disease. Precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) used as 3D lung tissue cultures (3D-LTCs) represent an elegant and biologically highly relevant 3D cell culture model, which highly resemble in situ tissue due to their complexity, biomechanics and molecular composition. Tissue slicing is widely

The HER2 oncogene and its truncated form p95HER2 play central roles in breast cancer. Here, we show that although HER2 and p95HER2 generally elicit qualitatively similar changes in miRNA profile in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, a subset of changes are distinct and p95HER2 shifts the miRNA profile towards the basal breast cancer subtype. High-throughput miRNA profiling was carried out 15, 36 and 60 h

Can wealth shocks have intergenerational health consequences? We use the partial compensation slaveholders received after the 1834 slave emancipation in the British Cape Colony to measure the intergenerational effects of a wealth loss on longevity. Because the share of partial compensation received was uncorrelated to wealth, we can interpret the results as having a causal influence. We find that

The quality of visual information that is available to an animal is limited by the size of its eyes. Differences in eye size can be observed even between closely related individuals, yet we understand little about how this affects vision. Insects are good models for exploring the effects of size on visual systems because many insect species exhibit size polymorphism. Previous work has been limited

The LPJ terrestrial carbon isotope model, which includes isotopic fractionation of 13C during assimilation and a full description of the isotopic terrestrial carbon cycle, has been used to calculate the atmosphere-biosphere exchange flux of CO2 and its δ13C for the years 1901 to 1998. A transient, spatially explicit data set of C4 crops and tropical C4 pastures has been compiled. In combination wi

We quantify the risks of climate-induced changes in key ecosystem processes during the 21st century by forcing a dynamic global vegetation model with multiple scenarios from 16 climate models and mapping the proportions of model runs showing forest/nonforest shifts or exceedance of natural variability in wildfire frequency and freshwater supply. Our analysis does not assign probabilities to scenar

The response of atmospheric CO2 and climate to the reconstructed variability in solar irradiance and radiative forcing by volcanoes over the last millennium is examined by applying a coupled physical-biogeochemical climate model that includes the Lund-Potsdam-Jena dynamic global vegetation model (LPJ-DGVM) and a simplified analogue of a coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model. The model

The significance of the retinoblastoma gene (RB) in the development of human breast cancer remains unclear. In the present study, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in RB was found in 26% of 90 informative primary breast tumors and was correlated to DNA nondiploidy, a high S-phase fraction, and LOH at chromosome 17pl33. However, allele loss was not associated with loss of RB protein (pRB) expression. Lo

This article examines challenges to the classical paradigm of education in Sweden that followed in the wake of state-initiated attempts at school reform in the first decades of the nineteenth century. When the internal disputes of the so-called ‘Genius Committee’ resulted in a failure to overcome the increasing divide between reformers, a prolific opportunity to argue the value of practical subjec

We show that in the absence of trilinear terms in the scalar potential of the Georgi-Machacek model, heavy charged scalars do not necessarily decouple from the h→γγ decay amplitude. In such scenarios, measurement of the Higgs to diphoton signal strength can place stringent constraints in the parameter space. Using the projected precisions at the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the ILC, we find th