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Use of Akt inhibitor and a drug-resistant mutant validates a critical role for protein kinase B/Akt in the insulin-dependent regulation of glucose and system A amino acid uptake

Protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt has been strongly implicated in the insulin-dependent stimulation of GLUT4 translocation and glucose transport in skeletal muscle and fat cells. Recently an allosteric inhibitor of PKB (Akti) that selectively targets PKB alpha and -beta was reported, but as yet its precise mechanism of action or ability to suppress key insulin-regulated events such as glucose and amino a

CCK stimulates growth of both the pancreas and the liver

BACKGROUND: The pancreas is the main target of the trophic effect of cholecystokinin (CCK), with a transient increase in cell proliferation and persistent effect on DNA content and weight gain when given continuously. Whether CCK exerts similar effects on the liver and biliary tract is not known. Most studies on this subject have hitherto been done in the rat. The aim of the present experiments wa

Simulation-based stability analysis for software release plans

Release planning for incremental software development assigns features to releases such that most important technical, resource, risk and budget constraints are met. The research presented in this paper is based on a three staged procedure. In addition to an existing method for (i) strategic release planning that maps requirements to subsequent releases and (ii) a more fine-grained planning that d

Macronutrients in tree stems and foliage: a comparative study of six temperate forest species planted at the same sites

Common European tree species ( oak, ash, beech, birch, lime and spruce) planted in adjacent stands on six sites were compared in terms of macronutrient concentrations in foliar and stem wood ( including bark) biomass. The nutrient concentrations in both biomass compartments were much more dependent on species than on site although soil conditions differed between the sites. Differences between spe

Toll-like receptor 4 expression and cytokine responses in the human urinary tract mucosa.

Mucosal pathogens trigger a local innate host response by activating epithelial cells. Bacterial adherence and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling have been implicated as key events in this process. This study addressed the molecular basis of the epithelial response to gram-negative infection in the human urinary tract. Mucosal biopsies were obtained from kidneys, ureters, and bladders of patien

Oceanic long-distance navigation: Do experienced migrants use the Earth's magnetic field?

Albatrosses and sea turtles are known to perform extremely long-distance journeys between disparate feeding areas and breeding sites located on small, isolated, oceanic islands or at specific coastal sites. These oceanic journeys, performed mainly over or through apparently featureless mediums, indicate impressive navigational abilities, and the sensory mechanisms used are still largely unknown. T

Grafting of Polyurethane Surfaces with Poly(Ethylene Glycol)

Films of a commercial poly (ether urethane), Pellethane 2363-80AE, were prepared through solvent casting from dimethyl formamide. The films were grafted with poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) by a two-step procedure. In the first step, the film surfaces were treated with hexamethylene diisocyanate in toluene in the presence of triethylamine as a catalyst. In the second step, PEG 1500 was allowed to rea

Doppler effect in resonant photoemission from SF6: Correlation between doppler profile and auger emission anisotropy

Fragmentation of the SF6 molecule upon F 1s excitation has been studied by resonant photoemission. The F atomiclike Auger line exhibits the characteristic Doppler profile that depends on the direction of the photoelectron momentum relative to the polarization vector of the radiation as well as on the photon energy. The measured Doppler profiles are analyzed by the model simulation that takes accou

The effect of McKenzie therapy as compared with that of intensive strengthening training for the treatment of patients with subacute or chronic low back pain - A randomized controlled trial

Study Design. A randomized controlled comparative trial with an 8-month follow-up period was conducted. Objective. To compare the effect of the McKenzie treatment method with that of intensive dynamic strengthening training in patients with subacute of chronic low back pain. Summary of Backround Data. Randomized studies indicate that the efficacy of the McKenzie method in the treatment of patients

Mortality and mobility after hip fracture in Japan: a ten-year follow-up.

We studied prospectively the change over ten years in mortality, walking ability and place of residence after a hip fracture in 753 patients in Japan. We compared the deaths observed in these patients with those expected in the general population, matched for age, gender and calender year at the time of fracture. The survival rate decreased dramatically for two years after the event and the mortal

Environmental correlates of meso-scale plant species richness in the province of Harjedalen, Sweden

We investigated the species richness of vascular plants at the scale of 5 3 5 km in the Swedish province of Harjedalen, and the relationship between richness and environment. Environmental variables included geographical, altitudinal, topographical, bedrock, soil type, and land-cover descriptors. The species richness was subdivided into groups of species with similar life-form, i.e. trees, dwarf s

Color discrimination in the red range with only one long-wavelength sensitive opsin

The basic precondition for color vision is the presence of at least two receptor types with different spectral sensitivities. The sensitivity of a receptor is mostly defined by the opsin-based visual pigment expressed in it. We show here, through behavioral experiments, that the nymphalid butterfly Heliconius erato, although it expresses short and medium wavelength opsins and only one long wavelen

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The strategies of development in rural territories in the provinces of Jujuy, Misiones and Salta in Argentina provide the objects of study in this analysis. These three cases reveal that there has been a process of consolidation of grass-roots organization since 1990, which seems to have strengthened the historically marginalized sectors of the population. New kinds of relationships between the st

Colloid cysts of the third ventricle: correlation of MR and CT findings with histology and chemical analysis

Eight patients with colloid cysts of the third ventricle were examined with CT and MR. In six, surgical resection was performed and the material was subjected to histologic evaluation; the concentrations of trace elements were determined by particle-induced X-ray emission. Stereotaxic aspiration was performed in two. The investigation showed that colloid cysts are often iso- or hypodense relative

The Palaearctic species of the Pegomya terminalis species group (Diptera : Anthomyiidae), with descriptions of two new species

The Pegomya terminalis species group is redefined on the basis of the characteristic, exceptionally long and apically strongly depressed female oviscapt. A North American species has once been reared from horsetail (Equisetum sp.), and it is believed that all the species in this group as larvae feed on this unusual diet. The present paper reviews the known Palaearctic species with an identificatio

The online freeze-tag problem

We consider the following problem from swarm robotics: given one or more "awake" robots in some metric space M, wake up a set of "asleep" robots. A robot awakens a sleeping robot by moving to the sleeping robot's position. When a robot awakens, it is available to assist in awakening other slumbering robots. We investigate offline and online versions of this problem and give a 2-competitive strateg

Defects in differentiation of bone-marrow derived dendritic cells of the BB rat are partly associated with IDDM2 (the lyp gene) and partly associated with other genes in the BB rat background.

BB rats develop various organ-specific autoimmune diseases, e.g. autoimmune diabetes and thyroiditis and have proven important to dissect genetic factors that govern autoimmune disease development. The lymphopenia (lyp) gene (iddm2) is linked to autoimmune disease development and is a major genetic difference between diabetes-resistant (DR) and diabetes-prone (DP) BB rats. To study the effects of

A variant in the transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene is associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus.

Aims/hypothesis Genetic and epidemiological studies suggest an association between gestational diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes. Both are polygenic multifactorial disorders characterised by beta cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. Our aim was to investigate whether common genetic variants that have previously been associated with type 2 diabetes or related phenotypes would also confer ri

Enhanced energy conservation in houses through high performance design

Key design features of high performance houses are investigated for improving energy efficiency in cold climates. Reference dwellings with typical constructions and system designs are compared with high performance houses using the best technology available. The dwellings used for reference are a multi-family apartment building and a single-family detached house, designed according to a mix of Nor