Gränser mellan vegetationszoner fascinerar genom att på ett tydligt sätt påminna oss om sambanden som finns mellan det som lever och dess miljö. En av de mest påtagliga gränserna är den alpina trädgränsen, där fjällbjörkskogen gradvis övergår till kalfjäll. Den karga miljön som utgör kalfjället är starkt kopplat med temperatur och klimatförändringens ökade temperatur har medfört förändringar i träAerial photo interpretation shows a recent densification of trees has been occurring between 1960 and 2009 in the mountain birch (Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii) forest of the treeline ecotone in northern Swedish mountains. The correlation between treeline position and annual temperature is commonly accepted and advancing treelines are considered to be a useful indicator for monitoring climate

Hälften av Afrikas befolkning - mer än 300 miljoner människor - hotas idag av markförstöring och ökenspridning. De flesta forskare är överens om att markförstöring orsakas av mänsklig aktivitet som avsiktligt eller oavsiktligt rubbar balansen i redan känsliga ekosystem. Namibia det torraste landet söder om Sahara, vilket följaktligen gjort att landet är mycket utsatt för ökenspridning och markförsHalf of Africa’s population - more than 300 million people - is threatened by land degradation. In general, land degradation is initiated when people intentionally or accidentally disturb the balance in a already fragile ecosystem. Poor management practices such as overgrazing, puts pressure on land already close to exceed the limits of sustainability. Besides suffering from overgrazing issues, Na

Agroforestry är ett jordbrukssystem där odling av grödor kombineras med träd på samma jordbruksytor. Då den stadigt minskande markbördigheten ses som den främsta begränsningen till ökade skördar, är det nödvändigt för en hållbar matproduktion att näringsämnen som tas upp av grödor från marken, eller försvinner på grund av erosion och urlakning, fylls på. Många länder i Afrika har i flera årtiondenAgroforestry is an agricultural system where crop farming is combined with trees on the same land. The steadily decreasing soil fertility is considered to be the primary constraint to increased crop yields, and it is vital to replenish the nutrients lost by plant uptake or removal by erosion and leaching for a sustainable food production. Several African countries have for tens of years received f

I många utvecklingsländer globalt är svält och undernäring bland befolkningen ett stort problem. Två av de mest drabbade områdena är Afrika söder om Sahara och östra Afrika, och i framtiden förväntas problemet förvärras av global uppvärmning och kraftig befolkningsökning. Temperaturhöjning och förändrad nederbörd kommer att minska produktionen i området, och med detta tillgången av mat samt övrig Food insecurity is a major problem in the developing countries of the world, where sub- Saharan and eastern Africa is some of the most affected areas. With rapid population growth and lack of means to adapt to a changing climate, the region is in the danger zone for famine. The aim of this paper is to examine the food situation in Ethiopia today, and how the climate change is predicted to affect t

Denna kandidatuppsats är en litteraturstudie som behandlar jökulhlaups och deras tillhörande landformer samt deras inverkan på landskapet. Jökulhlaup är den isländska termen för störtfloder från glaciärer och används internationellt för att beskriva detta fenomen. Vattnet som skapar dessa störtfloder kan ha många olika ursprung, såsom kraftig nederbörd, snabb avsmältning av glaciäris, tömning av eGlacial outburst floods also known as jökulhlaups are important features connected with glaciers globally. They may induce catastrophic floods as well as new landforms. This review describes and synthesizes jökulhlaup trigger mechanisms as well as associated landforms and landscape impacts of jökulhlaups with a special focus on Skeiðarársandur, south Iceland, and the 1996 jökulhlaup. Important sou

The purpose of this study was to examine how gambling addiction is understood by those active in the field, the consequences of gambling addiction and treatment available for gambling addiction in Sweden. We also wanted to examine if gambling addiction could be seen as a social problem or not depending on our theoretical basis. Our main issues were: 1 How do active within the field of gambling add

Denmark’s biotech industry has a strong position in terms of R&D investment and net sales compared with other countries in the European Union. The biotechnology patent per million inhabitants has a leading position worldwide. This thesis aims to research the key factors that ensure and promote companies’ growth in biotech industry compared with other industries in Denmark. The research results

När rovfåglar flyttar använder de antingen glid- och kretsflykt eller en kombination av glid och aktiv flykt. Energikonsumtionen vid aktiv flykt ökar snabbt med ökad kroppsvikt och används därför oftast av mindre rovfågelarter så som falkar, sparvhökar och kärrhökar. Glid- och kretsflykt används till mycket stor utsträckning av de större och tyngre arterna som vråkar, glador och örnar, som då är bRaptors migrate by using either soaring and gliding flight or a combination of gliding and powered flight. The energy consumption when using powered flight increases rapidly with body mass and is therefore mainly used by the smaller raptors, such as Falcons, Sparrowhawks and Harriers. Soaring and gliding flight are mainly used by the larger raptors such as Buzzards, Kites and Eagles. When using so

Wars have, basically, always existed. Hand in hand with all wars there is always some kind of justification. As our communities and wars develop so the criteria for a just war develop with them. The aim of this thesis is to examine how the development of the just war has occurred. This will be done through a choice of various historical events, in which I will analyze the discussion about the just

The aim of this essay is to study bronze casting during the Scandinavian bronze age through the artefact crucibles. The main question is; how many castings has it been possible to do with the crucibles found at Broåsen Sweden before they had to be discarded? Other investigations of bronze casting have stated that 1-10 castings is the maximum amount of usage for a ceramic crucible, thereby making i

This essay studies how democracy is formulated in the steering documents in the Swedish school system. It suggests that the program is a dynamic interventionistic program. Democracy is analysed with Lundquist´s model that present the democratic values in substantial values- equality, freedom, solidarity, justice and process values- openness, mutual reciprocity, responsibility. The conclusion is th

The amount of unaccompanied refugee children arriving to Sweden has been drastically increasing over the last five years. In all work concerning children, Sweden has undertaken itself to comply with international agreements as the Convention on the Rights of the Child. This thesis concerns how international treaties can be complied on a local level within the states of the conventions. This case s

Sexual violence is conducted by armed groups in the eastern regions of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) in a very high extent and with an extreme brutality. Reports from the region often emphasize the victims' experience of the violence from a human rights framework and fail to recognize the context, with its specific social, symbolic, legal and macro-economic attributes. This thesis ar

The thesis contributes to the debate of an emerging European strategic culture on the use of force. This is highly relevant in order to understand the future development of the military operations within the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP). In order to be able to analyse the motivations of the following operations: Concordia, EUFOR DR Congo and Atalanta, the research builds on the constr

Swedish labour market policy has changed towards a greater focus on activation of unemployed citizens. This can be seen as a pragmatic political solution to the problem of high unemployment and the accompanying rise in social welfare expenses. But the activation policy can also be interpreted as a development that produces new and specific values in key welfare policy issues. This master’s thesis

The purpose of this study was to understand the influence of mothers’ satisfaction with health care on health seeking behaviour for children under-five. With a qualitative approach, this study used focus group discussions and one-on-one interviews to collect data from thirty seven (37) respondents but the focus was on twenty (27) mothers with children under-five in Okwampa, a small rural community

Who is to be held accountable for catastrophes that are characterized by man-made risk, i.e. risk derived from the very human technological development? Using theories about man-made risk and accountability in complex organizations, I argue that it is of crucial importance to examine the societal roles and activities of complex organizations in order to find an answer to that question. In today’s

This thesis aims at explaining the Icelandic European debate. It does so by trying to identify the most prominent theme of the debate and to determine if it is characterized by sectoral, national identity or economic arguments. The thesis also aims at determining how the 2008 financial crash and the 2009 decision to apply for EU membership affected the debate. To answer these questions a content a

In this thesis a declaration of gender equality, produced by CEMR (Council of European Municipalities and Regions) is analyzed. This declaration is viewed as an example of how multi-level governance is carried out in the EU. Its main focus is the method of gender mainstreaming and it is supposed to be implemented on the subnational level of the member states. This declaration, as well as the meth

Media and politics have a very close and tight relationship to one another. They share a mutual dependence and are therefore linked in a way which is hard to find anywhere else. The biggest focus for the political coverage deals with national politics. Newspapers in different countries covers almost the entire world but it is still, without question, the political home field were the bond between