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Objective The interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interleukin 21 (IL-21) locus at chromosome 4q27 has been associated with several autoimmune diseases, and both genes are related to immune system functions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the IL-2/IL-21 locus in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Patients and methods The case control study included 4493 SSc Caucasian patients and 5856 healthy contro
Background: Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are alternatively activated macrophages that enhance tumor progression by promoting tumor cell invasion, migration and angiogenesis. TAMs have an anti-inflammatory function resembling M2 macrophages. CD163 is regarded as a highly specific monocyte/macrophage marker for M2 macrophages. In this study we evaluated the specificity of using the M2 macroph
The liberty of religion is not easy to define or regulate. It is closely connected to other liberties and rights. Starting from individual liberty, the consequence will be a right to religion or from religion, the right to change religion or confession, and the right to transition from religion to no religion, or from no religion to religion. It is obvious that the state, the religious denominatio
Popular Abstract in English Retailers are increasingly expected to use their market power to support the societal goal of sustainable consumption and production (SCP). For retailers, the challenge herein lies in the difficulty to translate the abstract societal discourse into concrete action in the marketplace. This thesis argues that retailers are well advised to give more attention to the indiviRetailers across Western Europe are faced with the challenge to integrate the idea of sustainable consumption and production (SCP) into their operations. The difficulty hierin lies in the the lack of any clear understanding or agreement for what the term implies for retailers and how to implement it in retailers’ daily operations. Instead, retailers need to handle a number of different – at times
Collste O, Sorensson P, Frick M, Agewall S, Daniel M, Henareh L, Ekenback C, Eurenius L, Guiron C, Jernberg T, Hofman-Bang C, Malmqvist K, Nagy E, Arheden H, Tornvall P (Sodersjukhuset, Stockholm; Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Sankt Goran Hospital Capio, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Huddinge, Stockholm; Danderyd Hospital, Karo
Background: The most common intrarenal cause for acute kidney injury/renal failure is tubular damage. The kidney tubules are arranged as compartments of cellular mosaics to perform their functions, and at rest almost a fifth of the human ATP consumption is allotted to the reabsorption of substances from the filtrate, rendering especially the proximal tubules highly sensitive to oxygen and/or nutri
On their route to tropical Africa, European trans-Saharan migrants must cross two major geographical barriers, the Mediterranean Sea and the Sahara Desert, which necessitates the accumulation of large fuel loads. While northern Africa is the chief region where most migrants gain fuel for the Sahara crossing, Iberia is a target area to gain fuel before the sea crossing existing between Europe and A
Measurements of Cherenkov emission in tissue during radiation therapy are shown to enable estimation of hemoglobin oxygen saturation non-invasively, through spectral fitting of the spontaneous emissions from the treated tissue. Tissue oxygenation plays a critical role in the efficacy of radiation therapy to kill tumor tissue. Yet in-vivo measurement of this has remained elusive in routine use beca
This dissertation takes its point of departure in two questions about segregation and its implications for architectural research. The first question is whether examining segregation in terms of education is a fruitful tool for analyzing segregation in general. In answering that question, the dissertation describes how educational segregation relates to segregation by income, ethnicity and age. Th
Let A be the generalized Cartan matrix of rank 2 Kac-Moody algebra g. We write g = g(a, b) when A has non-diagonal entries −a and −b. To each such A, its Weyl group and corresponding root lattice, we associate a ‘Fibonacci type ’ integer sequence. These sequences are derived from the coordinates of the real root vectors in the root space. Each element of each sequence can be expressed as a polynom
Objective. This study investigated whether metabolic derangement at diagnosis of diabetes mellitus affects the function of the basement membrane and the excretion of several components and whether insulin treatment can normalize this. It was designed to evaluate urinary excretion rates of transforming growth factor-1 (TGF-1), the carboxy-terminal domain of collagen IV (NC1) and albumin in children
Obesity results from an interaction between genetic and environmental factors and is a growing health problem associated with development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This thesis has focused on investigating the genetic contribution in obesity and insulin resistance by both candidate and global gene approaches with focus on the adipose tissue. In the first thr
The recently suggested possibility that weak vibronic transitions can be excitonically enhanced in light-harvesting complexes is studied in detail. A vibronic exciton dimer model that includes ground-state vibrations is investigated using the multi-configuration time-dependent Hartree method with a parameter set typical to photosynthetic light-harvesting complexes. The absorption spectra are discu
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex disease that is caused by a complex interplay between genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. While the major environmental factors, diet and activity level, are well known, identification of the genetic factors has been a challenge. However, recent years have seen an explosion of genetic variants in risk and protection of T2D due to the technical developm
Abstract in UndeterminedThis study investigates the determinants of transfer of waste between the affected areas and other municipalities that resulted from the Great East Japan Earthquake. In particular, we investigate to what extent economic factors, but also social factors such as reciprocity and pro-social concerns, affect municipalities’ decision to accept disaster waste. We find some evidenc
We report our observations of cross-modal interactions between sight and touch using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Experiments were devised to show that sight and touch are linked in a cross-modal arrangement, and two separate experiments were done in an MRI scanner. In the first, the subject's right hand was stimulated with a brush; in the second, a video sequence was presented to
Baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae rapidly converts sugars to ethanol and carbon dioxide at both anaerobic and aerobic conditions. The later phenomenon is called Crabtree effect and has been described in two forms, long-term and short-term effect. We have previously studied under fully controlled aerobic conditions forty yeast species for their central carbon metabolism and the presence of lon
