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Wood formation has received considerable attention across various research fields as a key process to model. Historical and contemporary models of wood formation from various disciplines have encapsulated hypotheses such as the influence of external (e.g., climatic) or internal (e.g., hormonal) factors on the successive stages of wood cell differentiation. This review covers 17 wood formation mode
Background Patients with acute and chronic pain have a significantly reduced quality of life, and it is a clinical impression thatunhealthy lifestyle influences the experience of pain. To evaluate this, surgery can be seen as a controlled trauma and acutepain model with standardised guidelines. The aim was to investigate the association between lifestyle risk factors and experience of heavy postop
Whether sources or sinks control wood growth remains debated with a paucity of evidence from mature trees in natural settings. Here, we altered carbon supply rate in stems of mature red maples (Acer rubrum) within the growing season by restricting phloem transport using stem chilling; thereby increasing carbon supply above and decreasing carbon supply below the restrictions, respectively. Chilling
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), commonly diagnosed at an advanced stage, is the most common primary liver cancer. Owing to a lack of effective HCC treatments and the commonly acquired chemoresistance, novel therapies need to be investigated. Cyclophilins—intracellular proteins with peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity—have been shown to play a key role in therapy resistance and cell proliferation. H
Background: Early prediction of childhood type 1 diabetes reduces ketoacidosis at diagnosis and provides opportunities for disease prevention. However, only highly efficient approaches are likely to succeed in public health settings. We sought to identify efficient strategies for initial islet autoantibody screening in children younger than 15 years. Methods: We harmonised data from five prospecti
Aims: Newly-defined subgroups of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been reported from real-world cohorts but not in detail from randomised clinical trials (RCTs). Methods: T2DM participants, uncontrolled on different pre-study therapies (n = 12.738; 82 % Caucasian; 44 % with diabetes duration > 10 years) from 14 RCTs, were assigned to new subgroups according to age at onset of diabetes, HbA1c,
Early MAXimisation of bronchodilation for improving COPD stability (EMAX) was a large, multicentre, multi-national, randomised, double-blind, 24-week trial. EMAX evaluated the efficacy and safety of dual bronchodilator therapy with umeclidinium bromide (UMEC)/vilanterol (VI) versus monotherapy with either UMEC or salmeterol (SAL) in symptomatic patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (
Background and aims: Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is one of the key components in the formation of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques and cardiovascular events. We recently showed that the full-length ECM-proteoglycan osteoglycin was associated with plaque vulnerability and future cardiovascular events. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the association of cleaved osteoglycin w
Background: No liquid biomarkers are approved in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), making early detection of recurrence in surgically treated nonmetastatic (M0) patients dependent on radiological imaging. Urine- and plasma free glycosaminoglycan profiles—or free GAGomes—are promising biomarkers reflective of RCC metabolism. Objective: To explore whether free GAGomes could detect M0 RCC recurrence noninv
Handwriting is an important component of academic curricula and grapho-motor skills (GMS) support learning, reading, memory and self-confidence. Teachers and clinicians report increase in children experiencing problems with acquiring fluid and legible handwriting. To date gold-standard tests evaluating children's GMS, mostly rely on pen and paper tests, requiring extensive coding time and subject
In neuroblastoma, MYCN amplification and 11q-deletion are important, although incomplete, markers of high-risk disease. It is therefore relevant to characterize additional alterations that can function as prognostic and/or predictive markers. Using SNP-microarrays, a group of neuroblastoma patients showing amplification of one or multiple 12q loci was identified. Two loci containing CDK4 and MDM2
Coastal protection has evolved from focusing on hard solutions such as breakwaters and groynes to include soft or nature-based solutions (NbS). NbS have been pro- posed as cost-effective means to offer long-term coastal protection and at the same time strengthen coastal resilience and biodiversity. However, projects utilizing NbS for coastal protection have often focused on a single solution and t
This paper discusses the syntax–prosody mapping at the clause-level, or the potential absence thereof. In particular, the paper reexamines the validity and the necessity of the clause-level mapping constraint, MatchClause, proposed in Match Theory (Selkirk 2009, 2011). First, it will be shown, based on the results of previous empirical studies, that data from embedded clauses in Japanese do not pr
Climate change and anthropogenic activities are producing a range of new selection pressures, both abiotic and biotic, on marine organisms. While there are numerous studies that have investigated the response of individual marine organisms to climate change, few studies have focused on differences in organismal responses across trophic levels. Such trophic differences in response to climate change
