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Microbes are the main drivers of biogeochemical cycles on Earth and even though freshwaters cover only a small area of terrestrial surfaces their contribution to global cycles is important. Global cycles are measured by exchanges between systems e.g. water to atmosphere or lithosphere and are mediated by microbial communities. Cyanobacteria and other photosynthetic microbes can be highly abundant
The paper is a critical analysis of the present archaeological evidence for the pioneer settlement in Scandinavia. Based on a database of lithic blade technology from 62 sites dated to the Early Mesolithic, the authors evaluate the evidence for an East European origin of the Middle Mesolithic culture. Using lithic technology as a proxy for cultural traditions it is argued that the evidence speaks This paper takes as a point of departure the analysis of complex blade industries as a proxy for cultural practices, socially learned and transmitted habits within a human network. Our main objective is to study how traditions and/or habits are protected and reproduced or changed as groups of people are confronted with changed natural and/or social environments. Our case study is the hypothesized
OBJECTIVES: To estimate the proportion of second-line anti-tuberculosis drug resistance among multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients in Ethiopia.METHODOLOGY: A laboratory-based prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory (NTRL), Ethiopia, from February 2022 to July 2024. Phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (pDST) assessed resista
The newly discovered site of Norje Sunnansund, located in south-eastern Sweden, presents great potential for analysing the origin of technological change in postglacial Europe based on transmission patterns through the technological analysis of Mesolithic material production and how manufacturing techniques and implements were distributed chronologically and geographically. The study shows that ma
The purpose of this thesis is to investigate different scales of mobility and social networks in Southern Scandinavia around 7000 BC. An essential basis for this work is the hypothesis that the conical core pressure blade technology, a specific method for producing lithic blades, reached Scandinavia from the east. The process has been discussed and verified in several earlier studies.The study is The purpose of this thesis is to investigate different scales of mobility and social networks in Southern Scandinavia around 7000 BC. An essential basis for this work is the hypothesis that the conical core pressure blade technology, a specific method for producing lithic blades, reached Scandinavia from the east. The process has been discussed and verified in several earlier studies.The study is
The number of individuals suffering from neuropsychiatric disorders (NPDs) has increased worldwide, with 3 million disability-adjusted life-years calculated in 2019. Though research using various approaches including genetics, imaging, clinical and animal models has advanced our knowledge regarding NPDs, we still lack basic knowledge regarding the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Moreover
The rabbit is a common laboratory animal used for research in dental implants, mainly as a screening model. It has many advantages compared to other laboratory animals. Availability, handling, cost-effectiveness, and early skeletal maturity are a few. For the model’s validity, there need to be similarities to the human. Although there are similarities between human and rabbit anatomy, there are al
The efficient conversion of xylose is a short board of cask effect to lignocellulosic biorefining, by markedly affecting the total economic and environmental benefits. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the current commercial status of traditional xylose utilization and industrial technology development, this review outlines new technological avenues for the efficient utilization of xylose from
In 2020, fecal (stool) testing was recommended for diagnosing Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) infection in children by using the Cepheid Xpert MTB/RIF assay; since then, countries have begun implementing stool-based testing, often as part of a comprehensive strategy to enhance TB case finding among children. On the basis of an experience-sharing workshop in November 2023, we determined i
Objective To determine the yield of tuberculosis (TB) and the prevalence of Human Immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) among key populations in the selected hotspot towns of Ethiopia. Methods We undertook a cross-sectional implementation research during August 2017-January 2018. Trained TB focal persons and health extension workers (HEWs) identified female sex workers (FSWs), health care workers (HCWs),
Objective: To evaluate if postnatal treatment with betamethasone in extremely preterm infants was associated with neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) at 6.5 years of age. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Extremely Preterm Infants in Sweden Study (gestational age <27 weeks, born 2004-2007). Patients: 428 children born extremely preterm were assessed at 6.5 years of age, 115 treated with b
In this work, we investigate the pH-responsive behavior of multidomain peptide (MDP) hydrogels containing histidine. Small-angle X-ray scattering confirmed that MDP nanofibers sequester nonpolar residues into a hydrophobic core surrounded by a shell of hydrophilic residues. MDPs with histidine on the hydrophilic face formed nanofibers at all pH values tested, but the morphology of the fibers was i
Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten är kritiska till utredningens förslag med undantag för enstaka delar där vi inte har några synpunkter, samt något förslag som vi tillstyrker. Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten avråder från att gå vidare med fler skarpa lagförslag som tar samhällsutvecklingen i en riktning där människor håller sig undan myndighetskontakter, och som leder till förtroendeskador gentemo
The instability of metal halide perovskites limits the commercialization of solar cells despite their impressive efficiencies. This instability, driven by photo-induced ion migration, leads to material restructuring, defect formation, degradation, and defect healing. However, these same “unwanted” properties enable to propose Correlation Clustering Imaging (CLIM), a technique that detects local ph
How gene expression evolves to enable divergent ecological adaptation and how changes in gene expression relate to genomic architecture are pressing questions for understanding the mechanisms enabling adaptation and ecological speciation. Furthermore, how plasticity in gene expression can both contribute to and be affected by the process of ecological adaptation is crucial to understanding gene ex
Background: When cannulation is challenging during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), and the standard guidewire technique with sphincterotomy is unsuccessful, alternative cannulation techniques can be used to access the biliary tree. The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of adverse events and cannulation success rates between transpancreatic sphincterotomy (TP
Since the first derivation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) 27 years ago, technologies to control their differentiation and manufacturing have advanced immensely, enabling increasing numbers of clinical trials with hPSC-derived products. Here, we revew the landscape of interventional hPSC trials worldwide, highlighting available data on clinical safety and efficacy. As of December 2024, we
Background and Purpose: Although reirradiation of glioblastoma has a long history of clinical practice, guidance on how to perform it in the context of recent technological advances, modern imaging modalities or systemic therapy is scarce. This joint ESTRO/EANO guideline aims to collect the existing evidence to produce recommendations for safe reirradiation of glioblastoma. Methods: The basis of t
