This study aimed to disentangle the influence of information status and referential form on the distribution of gestures in sustained discourse. Previous research shows that new/less accessible rather than old/more accessible information, expressed by rich rather than lean referential forms, is more likely to be accompanied by gestures. However, earlier studies have drawn on correlational results.

Climate change can substantially affect infrastructure performance and safety. In this article, the impact of climate change on fungal decay of wooden infrastructure in ground contact is investigated. For this purpose, projections of three different climate change scenarios are used to assess the impact of climate change on fungal decay rate of untreated clear wood elements in ground contact in Sw

Introduction: Universal screening for preterm delivery by adding transvaginal ultrasound measurement of cervical length to routine second trimester ultrasound has been proposed. The aim is to estimate inter- and intraobserver agreement and reliability of second trimester transvaginal ultrasound measurements of cervical length performed by specially trained midwife sonographers. Material and method

This position paper examines new forms of painted artworks made by pious Shi`a female artists in Kuwait, which treat imagery and experience known as Karamah (sing.) and Karamat (pl.), commonly understood as ‘miracle'. I examine current anthropological considerations of ‘miracle' and I find that the most suitable translation of the Arabic word Karamah may be ‘marvel', rather than ‘miracle', althoug

Decarbonizing global steel production requires a fundamental transformation. A sectoral climate club, which goes beyond tariffs and involves deep transnational cooperation, can facilitate this transformation by addressing technical, economic and political uncertainties.Decarbonizing global steel production requires a fundamental transformation. A sectoral climate club, which goes beyond tariffs and involves deep transnational cooperation, can facilitate this transformation by addressing technical, economic and political uncertainties.

The paper describes a theoretical analysis of programming and what it offers in terms of the meaning-making process. It finds that programming provide opportunity to iterate, to visualise and to perform transductions. Each affordance has been shown to affect the meaning-making process and can enhance it if used in a meaningful way. By using variation theory as a lens of these affordances, we ident

Purpose: Choline is an essential nutrient for fetal and infant growth and development. Parenteral nutrition used in neonatal care lack free choline but contain small amounts of lipid-bound choline in the form of phosphatidylcholine (PC). Here, we examined the longitudinal development of serum free choline and metabolically related compounds betaine and methionine in extremely preterm infants and h

In many industrial applications the communication in a distributed control system is done over layered synchronous or asynchronous control buses. In this paper we consider the type of delays and control deterioration that can be obtained due to the communication delays. The main source of the delays considered in this paper is the sample-induced delays caused by the multirate sampling in the commu

As one of the successful approaches to GaAs surface passivation, wet-chemical nitridation is applied here to relate the effect of surface passivation to carrier recombination processes in bulk GaAs. By combining time-resolved photoluminescence and optical pump-THz probe measurements, we found that surface hole trapping dominates the decay of photoluminescence, while photoconductivity dynamics is l

Monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) are prominent for their annual long-distance migration from North America to their overwintering area in Central Mexico. To find their way on this long journey, they use a sun compass as their main orientation reference but will also adjust their migratory direction with respect to mountain ranges. This indicates that the migratory butterflies also attend to

The study investigates the relationship between drought and vegetation variations in three main basins of western and southwestern of Iran, using the comprehensive approach of time-series analysis, Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), and anomaly calculation. A total of 30 ground stations’ daily meteorological data and the MODIS 16-day composite NDVI products (2000–2017) were used in this case.

BACKGROUND: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is highly prevalent and causes serious health complications in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D). Early diagnosis of NAFLD is important, as this can help prevent irreversible damage to the liver and, ultimately, hepatocellular carcinomas. We sought to expand etiological understanding and develop a diagnostic tool for NAFLD usin

[N,N-bis(1-methyl-2-benzimidazolyl)methyl-N-(bis-2-pyridylmethyl)amine] (L1) and [N,N-bis(2-quinolylmethyl)-N-bis(2-pyridyl)methylamine] (L2) were employed to prepare CuII and CuI complexes for spectroscopic and structural characterization. [L1CuII(H2O)](NO3)2 and [L2CuII(NO3)]NO3 have Jahn–Teller distorted octahedral geometries and give rise to isotropic EPR spectra in frozen solution. [L1CuI(CH3

Context: Breathlessness is a cardinal symptom in cardiorespiratory disease and consists of multiple dimensions that can be measured using the instruments Dyspnea-12 (D12) and the Multidimensional Dyspnea Profile (MDP). Objectives: The objective of the study is to determine the minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) of all D12 and MDP summary and subdomain scores as well as the instrument

The fusion-evaporation reaction 28Si + 40Ca at 122 MeV beam energy was used to populate high-spin states in the odd-odd N = Z nucleus 62Ga. With the combination of the Gammasphere spectrometer and the Microball CsI(Tl) charged-particle detector array the decay scheme of 62Ga was extended beyond 10 MeV excitation energy. The onset of band structures was observed. These high-spin rotational states a

When subjecting cast irons to mechanical loading the deformation and damage mechanisms occur on a microstructural level and are dependent on the inherent microstructure. A deeper understanding of the relation between the different microstructural constituents and the macroscopic mechanical behaviour would be beneficial in material development efforts and for the ability to design and cast componen

The genetic material of viruses is protected by protein shells that are assembled from a large number of subunits in a process that is efficient and robust. Many of the mechanistic details underpinning efficient assembly of virus capsids are still unknown. The assembly mechanism of hepatitis B capsids has been intensively researched using a truncated core protein lacking the C-terminal domain resp

Objectives: Patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can present with gastrointestinal symptoms as their initial symptoms or as the main manifestations during disease progression, but the clinical characteristics of these patients are still unknown. Methods: We identified COVID-19 patients who admitted to Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital and presented with gastrointestinal symptoms

Aim The goal of this European Society of Coloproctology (ESCP) guideline project is to give an overview of the existing evidence on the management of diverticular disease, primarily as a guidance to surgeons. Methods The guideline was developed during several working phases including three voting rounds and one consensus meeting. The two project leads (JKS and EA) appointed by the ESCP guideline