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Charitable organisations

This chapter focuses on the direct taxation issues arising vis-à-vis charities. Many charitable organizations are active in the EU. Because of their important role in civil society, they are often granted a special status in national tax legislation. The charity itself is not always the direct or statutory beneficiary of the tax incentives. However, the idea behind these incentives is that indirec

Crowd safety: prototyping for the future : Summary report showing how the science for “pedestrian flow” can keep up with demographic change

This report presents the final output from the project Crowd safety: prototyping for the future. The research includes a scoping study focusing on determining primary parameters for pedestrian movement and experimental results on movement in various conditions that focus on movement speed, contact distance and movement behaviour. A parametric model for predicting movement is presented based on thiThis report presents the final output from the project Crowd safety: prototyping for the future. The research includes a scoping study focusing on determining primary parameters for pedestrian movement and experimental results on movement in various conditions that focus on movement speed, contact distance and movement behaviour. A parametric model for predicting movement is presented based on thi

Lignocellulosic Ethanol in a Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Obligation System—A Case Study of Swedish Sawdust Based-Ethanol Production

A greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction obligation system has been implemented in the Swedish road transport sector to promote the use of biofuels. For transportation fuel suppliers to fulfil this obligation, the volume of biofuel required decreases with decreasing life cycle GHG emission for the biofuel, linking lower GHG emission to higher economic value. The aim of this study was to investiga

Non-negative least squares computation for in vivo myelin mapping using simulated multi-echo spin-echo T2 decay data

Multi‐compartment T2 mapping has gained particular relevance for the study of myelin water in the brain. As a facilitator of rapid saltatory axonal signal transmission, myelin is a cornerstone indicator of white matter development and function. Regularized non‐negative least squares fitting of multi‐echo T2 data has been widely employed for the computation of the myelin water fraction (MWF), and t

Impact of Spatially Consistent Channels on Digital Beamforming for Millimeter-Wave Systems: (Invited Paper)

The premise of massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is based around coherent transmission and detection. Majority of the vast literature on massive MIMO presents performance evaluations over simplified statistical propagation models. All such models are drop-based and do not ensure continuity of channel parameters. In this paper, we quantify the impact of spatially consistent (SC) models

SNAP - POP for Massive MIMO Systems

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) has gained a tremendous amount of attention as a key enabler of fifth-generation cellular systems. The majority of the vast literature on massive MIMO is based on fully digital processing, where each antenna element in the massive array is equipped with an up/down-conversion chain. Unlike previous works, we present a suite of greedy algorithms using pu

Familial Risks of Heart Failure in Sweden

Hjärtsvikt betecknar ett syndrom som innebär att hjärtat har otillräcklig förmåga att försörja kroppen med blod. Detta kan antingen bero på att hjärtat inte kan fyllas med eller stöta ut tillräckligt med mängd blod. Patienter med hjärtsvikt har i allmänhet hög dödlighet, detta trots att stora framsteg har gjorts avseende behandlingen av hjärtsvikt, speciellt sedan 1980-talet. Femårsöverlevnaden föIntroduction: Despite major advances, the incidence rate and mortality of heart failure (HF) remains high, with a five-year survival of approximately 50%. At the time of inception of this thesis the familial risks of HF, including the aspects of mortality, were largely underdetermined. This thesis is composed of four papers with the main aims as follows:To determine the risk of hospitalization of

Real-Time Implementation Aspects of Large Intelligent Surfaces

With the potential to provide a clean break from massive multiple-input multiple-output, large intelligent surfaces (LISs) have recently received a thrust of research interest. Various proposals have been made in the literature to define the exact functionality of LISs, ranging from fully active to largely passive solutions. Nevertheless, almost all studies in the literature investigate the fundam

Massive MIMO Asymptotics for Ray-Based Propagation Channels

Favorable propagation (FP) and channel hardening (CH) are desired properties in massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. To date, these properties have primarily been analyzed for classical statistical channel models, or ray-based models with very specific angular parameters and distributions. This paper presents a thorough mathematical analysis of the asymptotic system behavior for

Amputation-free survival in patients with diabetic foot ulcer and peripheral arterial disease : Endovascular versus open surgery in a propensity score adjusted analysis

Aims: The aim of the present study was to compare outcomes of endovascular surgery versus open vascular surgery in patients with diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Methods: Between 1984 and 2006, 1151 patients with DFU were admitted to the diabetic foot care team. Three hundred seventy-six patients with 408 limbs were consecutively included at a multidisciplinary foot

Leptin levels are associated with multiple sclerosis risk

Background: Obesity early in life has been linked to increased risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS). Leptin and insulin are both associated with obesity, making them suitable candidates for investigating this connection. Objective: To determine if leptin and insulin are risk factors for relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Methods: In this nested case–control study using blood samp

Risk of major osteoporotic fracture after first, second and third fracture in Swedish women aged 50 years and older

Background: Osteoporosis affects approximately one in five European women and leads to fragility fractures, which result in poor health, social and economic consequences. Fragility fractures are a strong risk factor for subsequent major osteoporotic fracture (MOF), with risk of MOF being elevated in the 1–2 years following an earlier fracture, a concept described as “imminent risk”. This study exa

Hidradenitis Suppurativa in Sweden : A Registry-Based Cross-Sectional Study of 13,538 Patients

Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory skin condition with nodules and fistula formation and scarring. It is a debilitating disease with a severe negative impact on quality of life. There is a need for increased knowledge about the social and lifestyle characteristics of patients with HS in general, and pregnant women in particular. Objectives: The aims of this study

Unravelling processing issues of nanowire-based solar cell arrays by use of electron beam induced current measurements

III-V vertical nanowire arrays have great potential for next generation photovoltaics. Development towards high performing nanowire solar cells, which consist of a parallel connection of millions of single nanowire solar cells, requires a fast characterization technique that establishes a link between device performance and device processing. In this work, we use electron beam induced current meas

Association between keratoconus disease severity and repeatability in measurements of parameters for the assessment of progressive disease

Background Progressive keratoconus can lead to severely impaired vision, but there is currently no consensus on the definition of progressive disease. Errors in the measurement of the parameters commonly used to establish progressive disease were evaluated in an attempt to determine the limits at which a true change in the values can be detected. The possible association between measurement error

Fighting “Gayropa” : Europeanization and Instrumentalization of LGBTI Rights in Ukrainian Public Debate

Against the backdrop of the conflict with Russia and growing approximation with the European Union (EU), the LGBTI movement in Ukraine seemed to have achieved some of its political goals, such as introducing changes in legislation and holding peaceful equality marches in Kyiv. At the same time, the last decade has seen a growing number of homophobic attacks by right-wing groups across the country,

Quantifying the regularity of a 3D set of points on the surface of an ellipsoidal object

Several natural and artificial structures, such as human skin and mammals cortices, exhibit a compound organization, with basic elements being distributed along a surface. The problem of quantifying the geometrical uniformity of this type of biological and physical compound structures is addressed in this work. This required the solution of several problems, including the detection, along the surf