Consistent but indirect evidence has implicated genetic factors in smoking behavior1,2. We report meta-analyses of several smoking phenotypes within cohorts of the Tobacco and Genetics Consortium (n = 74,053). We also partnered with the European Network of Genetic and Genomic Epidemiology (ENGAGE) and Oxford-GlaxoSmithKline (Ox-GSK) consortia to follow up the 15 most significant regions (n > 140,0

The customary way to determine whether an adopted Supplemental Instruction (SI) program has been successful or not is by comparing course results for two groups, SI attendees and non-attendees. The division of SI attendees and non-attendees is generally done rather arbitrarily by prescribing a minimum number of SI sessions a student has to attend to be considered an SI attendee. Although the SI at

Background: Non-motor symptoms are present in Parkinson's disease (PD) and a key determinant of quality of life. The Non-motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS) is a validated scale that allows quantifying frequency and severity (burden) of NMS. We report a proposal for using NMSS scores to determine levels of NMS burden (NMSB) and to complete PD patient classification. Methods: This was an observational, cro

To investigate prospective, population-based long-term outcomes concerning seizures and antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment after resective epilepsy surgery in Sweden.

The serum PSA test still is the most important biomarker for the detection and follow-up of prostate cancer. PSA-based screening can reduce disease specific mortality but coinciding unnecessary testing and overdiagnosis warrant further research for more specific biomarkers. Numerous studies of both serum and urine-based prostate cancer biomarker candidates have been presented the last ten years. H

Genetic studies have shown that mutations of complement inhibitors such as membrane cofactor protein, Factors H, I, or B and C3 predispose patients to atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS). Factor I is a circulating serine protease that inhibits complement by degrading C3b and up to now only a few mutations in the CFI gene have been characterized. In a large cohort of 202 patients with aHUS, w

Context. Possible main formation sites of fluorine in the Universe include asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars, the v-process in Type II supernova, and/or Wolf-Rayet stars. The importance of the Wolf-Rayet stars has theoretically been questioned and they are probably not needed in modeling the chemical evolution of fluorine in the solar neighborhood. It has, however, been suggested that Wolf-Rayet

When energy is needed, white adipose tissue (WAT) provides fatty acids (FAs) for use in peripheral tissues via stimulation of fat cell lipolysis. FAs have been postulated to play a critical role in the development of obesity-induced insulin resistance, a major risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. However, whether and how chronic inhibition of fat mobilization from WAT modulates ins

According to reports of forest range and watershed management organization of Iran, hundreds of forest fires take place in our country every year. Due to destroying forest and grass land in different parts of Iran, especially in Zagross and Alborz Mountain, it is necessary to develop new methods to reduce fire effects in these places. There are many parameters that increase probability of fire occ

The sensory neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) plays a role in primary headaches, and CGRP receptor antagonists are effective in migraine treatment. CGRP is a potent vasodilator, raising the possibility that antagonism of its receptor could have cardiovascular effects. We therefore investigated the effects of the antimigraine CGRP receptor antagonist telcagepant (MK-0974) [N-[(3R,

The kinin system is activated when high-molecular-weight kininogen (HK) is cleaved by plasma kallikrein thus generating bradykinin. Bradykinin is a potent proinflammatory peptide that induces plasma leakage, blood pressure drop, liberation of inflammatory cytokines and pain. Vasculitis is an autoimmune systemic inflammatory disease, characterized by leukocyte inflammation in and around vessel wall

Primary Systemic Vasculitides [PSV: Wegener's granulomatosis (WG), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) and polyarteritis nodosa (PAN)] are rare systemic diseases of unknown etiology; if untreated, they are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Changes in the classification and diagnostic improvements during the last decades have increased reported prevalence

Single-shaft gas turbines are sensitive to frequency changes which might affect the grid stability during large frequency drops. This paper presents a new control system that uses steam injection as an auxiliary input to improve the transient performance of the gas turbine during frequency drops. Steam injection is beneficial because it reduces the peak temperature in the combustion chamber and au

Even in the tyrosine kinase inhibitor era, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is regarded as standard care for adult Philadelphia (Ph) positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In this retrospective national study, we have reviewed the outcome after HSCT in Sweden for adult Ph-positive ALL between 2000 and 2009. In total, 51 patients with median age 42 (range 20-66) years

We present electrical characterization of GaSb/InAs(Sb) nanowire tunnel field-effect transistors. The broken band alignment of the GaSb/InAs(Sb) heterostructure is exploited to allow for interband tunneling without a barrier, leading to high ON-current levels. We report a maximum drive current of 310 μA/μm at Vds = 0.5 V. Devices with scaled gate oxides display transconductances up to gm = 250 mS/m

The leadership literature is full of stories of heroic self-sacrifice. Sacrificial leadership behaviour, some scholars conclude, is to be recommended. In this article we follow Keith Grint's conceptualization of leadership as necessarily pertaining to the sacred, butdrawing on Giorgio Agamben's notion of profanationwe highlight the need for organization scholars to profane the sacralizations embed

The need for reliable measurement of droplet velocities and droplet size has increased with the more widespread use of water mist systems. Two optical measuring techniques have been investigated, Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and phase Doppler anemometry (PDA). Measurements have been performed on two high-pressure nozzles, a hollow cone nozzle and a full cone nozzle. Both methods performed well

This article is a study of words for body parts in the Mon-Khmer language Kammu. It contains one descriptive part, presenting some 200 thematically ordered entries of words related to the body, with belonging elucidation and illustrations. In a more theoretical and comparative part, the data are used to relate Kammu to a wider debate concerning the semantic domain of body parts. Cross-linguistic s