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Magnesium är bland de lättaste metaller och har potential att bidra till minskad klimatpåverkan inom många områden. Med sin låga densitet på 1,74 g/cm³ kan lättviktsmaterial av magnesium minska energiförbrukning. Dessutom är metallen biologiskt nedbrytbar, vilket gör den perfekt för medicinska implantat som inte behöver opereras ut. Utmaningen är att ren magnesium är för svag och för spröd för de Magnesium (Mg) alloys are very light materials that could be useful for many applications. Typical technology for most Mg alloys involves casting followed by solid solution heat treatment. Due to the complexity of some Mg alloy systems, single-step solution treatments cannot achieve dissolution of all secondary phases. Those may require different solutionizing temperatures, creating a need for two

An activated catalyst prepared from a mixture of nickel nitrate hexahydrate with zinc in dry ethanol under reflux showed exceptional catalytic activity for the reduction of nitroarenes to the corresponding azoxy compounds exclusively in the presence of hydrazine monohydrate. However, when nickel nitrate hexahydrate was replaced by nickel chloride dihydrate with zinc, only the aminoarenes were form

Ultrasound optical tomography combines light and ultrasound measuring optical properties deep inside the body. We experimentally characterize cancer mimicking inclusions in breast tissue phantoms and theoretically simulate imaging performance at significant depths inside the brain.

Context. According to the well-established hierarchical framework for galaxy evolution, galaxies grow through mergers with other galaxies. The ΛCDM cosmological model predicts that the stellar halos of massive galaxies are rich in remnants resulting from minor mergers. Stellar Streams Legacy Survey (SSLS) has provided a first release of a catalogue with a statistically significant sample of stella

Inferring the cell-type composition of bulk samples can provide biological insight. While bulk transcriptomics data has been extensively used for this purpose, the use of proteomics data has remained unexplored until recently. This study evaluates computational approaches for estimating immune cell composition using bulk sample proteomics data. Leveraging defined immune cell populations and simula

Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, and increasing evidence suggests that inflammation, both central and peripheral, plays a role in disease progression. Neurohistology and neuroimaging studies illustrate neuroinflammatory processes as part of HD pathophysiology. Furthermore, studies of blood and cerebrospinal fluid from HD patients show altered levels of inflamm

The imperative to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is intensifying in various sectors. This trend is evident in the non-road mobile machinery sectors, including agricultural and construction equipment, where the electrification of machinery is emerging as a key development. However, battery-electric non-road mobile machinery systems face challenges, primarily due to the limited energy storage capac

Aim: Abiotic environmental conditions shape ecological and evolutionary processes, yet quantifying their influence on organisms remains challenging due to variation among metrics and their intercorrelations. This study evaluates the utility of temporal environmental predictability measures and assesses their explanatory power in phylogenetic comparative analyses. Innovation: We systematically comp

We propose analytical expressions for ultrasound optical tomography and verify them in Monte Carlo simulations. The proposed hybrid analytical-statistical Monte Carlo model enables quantitative reconstruction of up to 5-centimetre deep tissue absorption inhomogeneities.

Ferulic acid (FA) is one of the most abundant hydroxycinnamic acids found in plant cell walls. Its dehydrodimers play an important role in maintaining the structural rigidity of the plant cell wall. Ferulic acid esterases (FAEs) act as debranching enzymes, cleaving the ester bond between FA and the substituted carbohydrate moieties in FA-containing polysaccharides in the plant cell wall. This enzy

We present a method for obtaining an initial-state parton shower model where the (backward) evolution fully consistent with the (forward) evolution of the collinear parton density used. As a proof-of-concept we use parton densities obtained with the parton branching (PB) approach, and modify the default initial-state shower in Pythia8 with this method to be consistent with them. PB is ideally suit

Background/objectives: Being overweight increases the predisposition to obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), which significantly elevate stroke risk and the likelihood of severe post-stroke disability. Dietary nitrate (NO3−) supplementation can mitigate obesity and metabolic impairments, making it a promising approach to halt overweight people from developing overt obesity/T2D, thereby potentially a

New extragalactic measurements of the cloud population-averaged star formation efficiency per free-fall time, Ïμff, from PHANGS show little sign of a theoretically predicted dependence on the gas virial level and weak variation with cloud-scale gas velocity dispersion. We explore ways to bring theory into consistency with the observations, particularly by highlighting systematic variations in inte

The inclusion of the knowledge and perspectives of Indigenous peoples and local communities (IPLC) in global sciencepolicy processes are increasingly being mandated. This is indicative of the recognition of their expertise and worldviews to inform social and ecological decisions. The IPBES Values Assessment (VA) explicitly highlighted the necessity for a nuanced engagement of different actors whil

This thesis aims to investigate the novel physics around Majorana bound states (MBSs). MBSs are quasiparticle excitations predicted to exist in topological superconductors. Due to the inherent protection they obtain from their topology, they have long been regarded as a promising setup to build a topologically protected quantum computer. Apart from this very practical application, they continue to

The Majorana tetron is a prototypical topological qubit stemming from the ground-state degeneracy of a superconducting island hosting four Majorana modes. This degeneracy manifests as an effective nonlocal spin degree of freedom, the most paradigmatic signature of which is the topological Kondo effect. Degeneracies of states with different fermionic parities also characterize minimal Kitaev chains

A star’s luminosity increases as it evolves along the main sequence (MS), which inevitably results in a higher surface temperature for planets in orbit around the star. Technologically advanced civilizations may tackle this issue by installing artificial structures – starshades – which can reduce the radiation received by the planet. Starshades, if they exist, are potentially detectable with curre