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Joint cartilage consists of cells embedded in a matrix of fibrous collagen within a concentrated water-proteoglycan gel. The integrity of this matrix is crucial for the biomechanical properties of the joint cartilage. The different components of the matrix are synthesized and degraded by the cartilage cells, a process regulated by the amount of mechanical stress applied to the chondrocytes as well

The levels of proteoglycan antigen were measured in joint aspirates from the hip of children with transient synovitis, septic arthritis, Legg-Calve-Perthes' disease and congenital and traumatic dislocation. Significantly increased levels were found in children with transient synovitis and septic arthritis as compared with other conditions. We propose that the proteoglycan antigens in the joint flu

A titanium implant in which a conduit is gradually filled with ingrowing bone (the Bone Harvest Chamber) has been modified to allow continuous local treatment of the conduit tissue with biochemical agents. Implants were inserted bilaterally in rabbit tibiae. The tissue content of the bone ingrowth conduits was studied with histology, 99mTc-MDP scintimetry and measurements of total calcium content.

Local, superficial damage was detected and localized on an 8 × 2-m concrete floor slab using a structural health monitoring system. A total of 30 piezoelectric transducers, placed in a grid, transmitted and received continuous ultrasonic waves that were measured using a lock-in amplifier. Tomography was used to create images from the measured amplitude and phase of the continuous waves between all

The ReO3-type structure NbO2F, niobium dioxyfluoride, has been studied at high pressures using diamond anvil cells and synchrotron X-ray radiation. High-pressure powder diffraction measurements have been performed up to 40.1 GPa. A phase transition from the cubic (Pm3m) ambient pressure structure to a rhombohedral (R3c) structure at 0.47 GPa has been observed. Rietveld refinements at 1.38, 1.96, 3

We have investigated the local atomic environment of the Ga atoms in an InxGa1-xN single quantum well structure using Optically Detected Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (OD-EXAFS). A comparison of the OD-EXAFS data with a theoretical model shows the technique to be site selective for this particular structure and reveals that the quantum well emission originates from regions with x=0.15.

The behaviour of people in the first stage of an evacuation can have a significant impact on the time required to reach a safe place. This behaviour is known in literature as pre-evacuation behaviour and it has been studied for many different evacuating scenarios. Despite the large number of studies, the representation of this behaviour is often oversimplified in most of the existing evacuation mo

Denna studie handlar om att experimentellt karakterisera ett materietillstånd som existerade under de första miljondelarna av en sekund under Big Bang, som vi kallar för Kvark-Gluon-Plasma. Med stora partikelacceleratorer som Large Hadron Collider (LHC) vid CERN, kan vi genom kärnkollisioner med mycket hög energi nå så pass extrema temperaturer och densiteter att vi kan återskapa och studera dettaIn high energy heavy ion collisions, the QCD matter undergoes a phase transition to a hot and dense strongly coupled Quark Gluon Plasma, where quarks and gluons are deconfined in a volume of nuclear dimensions. At intermediate pT, 2 < p T < 8 GeV/c, a decoupling from pure hydrodynamical flow is observed, most noticeable in central collisions, demonstrated by the peak in the ratio of baryons to mes

This article examines the relationship between theories of the ‘new’ public diplomacy and recent attemptsby foreign ministries in the United Kingdom, United States and Sweden to develop public diplomacystrategies for the early twenty-first century. It provides a summary of policy debates in each nation alongsideanalysis of the evaluation methods that have been designed to support them. The article

The purpose of this paper is to interpret an American military media strategy designed for the Iraq war from a perspective drawing on recent theoretical discussions of space and time. The material consists of a short white paper that was declassified under the Freedom of Information Act and published by the NSA in 2007. It outlines a ‘Rapid Reaction Media Team’ which was tasked with designing and

This article investigates innovations in public diplomacy and nation brands through the example of Sweden's Embassy in Washington, DC, the House of Sweden (HoS). The analysis explores the styles of communication and public outreach made possible by the interaction between its architectural design, brand values and public diplomacy applications. Aimed at practitioners and scholars with an interest

In this chapter, I will discuss alternative ways of understanding public and digital diplomacy. Rather than beginning with what these concepts are supposed to mean, I will argue that their main value is in signifying the intention to reform diplomatic organisations. I will then discuss the relationship of digital and public diplomacy to traditional diplomatic practices, and describe the expanded s

While the term public diplomacy (PD) has undergone a major revival in the early 21st century, the evaluation of PD programs has not been given anywhere near the same level of attention. The number of studies which consider either the methods used for the evaluation of PD campaigns or the theoretical grounds of PD evaluation methodologies remain few compared to the number which discuss PD policy or