Chemically modified starches are commonly used for various purposes. Depending on the type of derivatization, a chemical degradation of the original polymeric structure may occur, resulting in a change of molar mass. It is therefore always of interest to know the molar mass and possibly the conformation of the derivative. Four commercially available hydroxypropyl and hydroxyethyl modified starches

Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) are isolated as clusters of cells from the inner cell mass of blastocysts and thus should formally be considered as heterogeneous cell populations. Homogenous hESC cultures can be obtained through subcloning. Here, we report the clonal derivation and characterization of two new hESC lines from the parental cell line SA002 and the previously clonally derived cell l

2- Pyridone- fused 2,2'- bipyridine derivatives 1a and 1b were synthesised. X- Ray diffraction analysis of 1b revealed a highly complex solid state structure with a disordered molecule imbedded in a channel structure formed by a centrosymmetric lattice of hexagonally packed, hydrogen bonded columns. The columns are assembled from three symmetry independent molecules. Dimerisation of the self- comp

lMajor changes have occurred in the care of patients with rheumatic diseases over the past decades. Most of these changes have focused on new pharmacological and surgical procedures and methods. However, for different reasons, few of these methods are available to many patients around the world, and thus other forms of care are still needed. For optimal benefit to patients, all aspects of care sho

OBJECTIVE: To determine and analyse the incidence of childhood injuries in Reykjavik 1974-1991. DESIGN: Descriptive, retrospective study. SETTING: Reykjavik City district with a mean number of 88700 inhabitants, of which 23.4% were children under 15 years of age. SUBJECTS: All children 0-14 years old who came to the emergency department at Reykjavik City Hospital because of an injury. MAIN OUTCOME

The anti-atherosclerosis mechanisms of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) occur via both cholesterol-dependent and cholesterol-independent mechanisms. The present study used aortic and cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) from rat to investigate whether atorvastatin and mevastatin affect basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-induced SMC proliferation and th

The emulsification in a high pressure homogenizer was studied using a dynamic simulation model based on the population balance equation. The model includes fragmentation, recoalescence and adsorption of macromolecular emulsifier and uses a simple flow model in order to link the hydrodynamics in the homogenizer to the three physical processes mentioned above. A computer model offers an interesting

The design of a photoemission microprobe beamline at the MAX laboratory is presented. The beamline will utilize the radiation from a 26 period undulator on the 550-MeV MAX storage ring. The beamline will be capable of providing about 1010 photons/s of monochromatized radiation (bandwidth better than 0.25 eV) in the energy range of 20 to 150 eV focused into a submicrometer focal spot. It will be us

The Lorentzian lifetime widths of the 4d and 4f levels in the sixth-period elements W74 to Bi83 have been measured using photoelectron spectroscopy. A compilation of 4f-level widths from the literature is also made. The general trend of the 4f-level widths is well reproduced by McGuires calculations, although the absolute widths seem to be underestimated. The 4d5/2-level width shows a remarkable c

A design of a small size grazing incidence instrument is presented, which offers large spectral range and high resolution without sacrificing luminosity. The instrument is particularly suited for use at synchrotron radiation sources since it can be conveniently attached to existing experiment chambers. The basic idea of the design is the use of fixed mounted gratings of diffent radii and groove de

The resonant enhancement in photoelectron spectra at the 4d edges of rare earth atoms and metals is also found in yield spectra of desorbed ions from the surfaces of the oxides of Sm, Eu and Yb following the photon excitation. The analysis of the 4d → 4f resonance leads to a picture of an indirect mechanism of ion desorption which is mainly caused by the flux of energetic 4f photoelectrons from th

The oxidation-induced valence change of Yb leads to a single 4f hole in the ground state. The creation of the 4f13 configuration which does not exist for any pure rare-earth metal makes it possible to analyze the 4d4f Fano resonance for a simple system experimentally as well as theoretically. Calculated Fano profiles for the 4f12 final-state multiplets are in good agreement with photoemission meas

The stomach helps to maintain calcium homoeostasis by making dietary calcium accessible for uptake in the intestines, although the effect of the stomach on calcium homoeostasis is poorly understood. We examined the effect on blood calcium of gastric surgery in the rat. Within three weeks gastrectomy and fundectomy (excision of the acid producing part of the stomach) induced a slight lowering of th

Young male rats (100 g body weight) were fed diets containing varying amounts of calcium. Body weight and bone development were studied together with various endocrine parameters, including blood levels of Ca2+, calcitonin, parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, and gastrin, and the enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell-related parameters gastric mucosal histidine decarboxylase activity and histamine concentr