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Clinical translation of pluripotent stem cell-based therapies : successes and challenges

The translational stem cell research field has progressed immensely in the past decade. Development and refinement of differentiation protocols now allows the generation of a range of cell types, such as pancreatic β-cells and dopaminergic neurons, from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in an efficient and good manufacturing practice-compliant fashion. This has led to the initiation of several

Global cross-sectional survey on neonatal pharmacologic sedation and analgesia practices and pain assessment tools: impact of the sociodemographic index (SDI)

Background: There is variability in the use of sedatives and analgesics in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). We aimed to investigate the use of analgesics and sedatives and the management of neonatal pain and distress. Methods: This was a global, prospective, cross-sectional study. A survey was distributed May–November 2022. The primary outcome of this research was to compare results between

The Discovery and Follow-up of Four Transiting Short-period Sub-Neptunes Orbiting M Dwarfs

Sub-Neptunes with radii of 2-3 R ⊕ are intermediate in size between rocky planets and Neptune-sized planets. The orbital properties and bulk compositions of transiting sub-Neptunes provide clues to the formation and evolution of close-in small planets. In this paper, we present the discovery and follow-up of four sub-Neptunes orbiting M dwarfs (TOI-782, TOI-1448, TOI-2120, and TOI-2406), three of

Continuous Quality Assurance and ML Pipelines under the AI Act

More than ever, Machine Learning (ML) as a subfield of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is on the rise and is finding its way into safety-critical software applications. However, when it comes to quality assurance (QA) and trustworthiness, integrating ML models into software comes with challenges that may not be apparent at first glance. The European Union (EU) aims to tackle this problem with new reg

Detailed cool star flare morphology with CHEOPS and TESS

Context. White-light stellar flares are proxies for some of the most energetic types of flares, but their triggering mechanism is still poorly understood. As they are associated with strong X and ultraviolet emission, their study is particularly relevant to estimate the amount of high-energy irradiation onto the atmospheres of exoplanets, especially those in their stars’ habitable zone. Aims. We u

Effect of cooling scheme and coating of drills on hole quality in drilling of Inconel 718

Challenges in drilling nickel-based superalloys, such as Inconel 718 (IN718), are multifaceted. High requirement of hole surface quality in drilling such alloy must deal with extreme material properties and complex process condition in drilling operation. This paper presents an experimental investigation on the effect of PVD coated solid carbide drills under different internal cooling schemes on h

Clinical application of plasma P-tau217 to assess eligibility for amyloid-lowering immunotherapy in memory clinic patients with early Alzheimer’s disease

Background: With the approval of disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) for early Alzheimer’s disease (AD), there is an increased need for efficient and non-invasive detection methods for cerebral amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology. Current methods, including positron emission tomography (PET) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, are costly and invasive methods that may limit access to new treatments. Plasm

The germ theory revisited : A noncentric view on infection outcome

The germ theory states that pathogenic microorganisms are responsible for causing infectious diseases. The theory is inherently microbe-centric and does not account for variability in disease severity among individuals and asymptomatic carriership—two phenomena indicating an important role for host variability in infection outcome. The basic tenet of the germ theory was recently challenged, and a

A single-cell transcriptomic study of heterogeneity in human embryonic tanycytes

Disruptions in energy homeostasis can lead to diseases like obesity and diabetes, affecting millions of people each year. Tanycytes, the adult stem cells in the hypothalamus, play crucial roles in assisting hypothalamic neurons in maintaining energy balance. Although tanycytes have been extensively studied in rodents, our understanding of human tanycytes remains limited. In this study, we utilized

Hot Carrier Nanowire Transistors at the Ballistic Limit

We demonstrate experimentally nonequilibrium transport in unipolar quasi-1D hot electron devices reaching the ballistic limit at room temperature. The devices are realized with heterostructure engineering in nanowires to obtain dopant- and dislocation-free 1D-epitaxy and flexible bandgap engineering. We show experimentally the control of hot electron injection with a graded conduction band profile

Evidence of COVID-19 pandemic influence on well-being produced by urban gardening : a before-after study

The COVID-19 pandemic showed us that maintaining and increasing individual and community resilience is essential, particularly in cities. Access to urban green spaces such as parks and gardens supports resilience and well-being. Here, we studied how the pandemic influenced the attitudes towards and outcomes of urban box gardening in the city of Turku in Finland. We analyzed this small-scale social

Minimax Adaptive Control and Estimation

This thesis presents five papers on minimax adaptive control and estimation. Minimax adaptive estimation is a framework for output prediction and state estimation that provides a priori computable performance bounds for esti- mators. Minimax adaptive controllers ensure that the closed loop has finite gain, maintaining stability and performance under model class uncertainty. The contributions of t

The impact of insect herbivory on biogeochemical cycling in broadleaved forests varies with temperature

Herbivorous insects alter biogeochemical cycling within forests, but the magnitude of these impacts, their global variation, and drivers of this variation remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap and help improve biogeochemical models, we established a global network of 74 plots within 40 mature, undisturbed broadleaved forests. We analyzed freshly senesced and green leaves for carb

Modification of χc1 (3872) and ψ (2S) Production in pPb Collisions at sNN =8.16 TeV : Physical Review Letters

The LHCb Collaboration measures production of the exotic hadron χc1(3872) in proton-nucleus collisions for the first time. Comparison with the charmonium state ψ(2S) suggests that the exotic χc1(3872) experiences different dynamics in the nuclear medium than conventional hadrons, and comparison with data from proton-proton collisions indicates that the presence of the nucleus may modify χc1(3872)

Midlife stress-related exhaustion and dementia incidence : a longitudinal study over 50 years in women

Backgrounds: Cognitive problems are common symptoms among individuals with stress-related exhaustion. It is still unknown whether these individuals are at a higher risk of developing dementia later. This study aims to examine the relationship between midlife stress-related exhaustion and dementia incidence. Methods: A population sample of 777 women (aged 38, 46, 50 and 54 years) without dementia a

Expression of C/EBP and Kr-h1 transcription factors under immune stimulation in the noble crayfish

Transcription factors (TFs) have an important role in the regulation of the gene expression network. The role of TFs in the immune response of freshwater crayfish is poorly understood, but leveraging the regulatory mechanisms of immune response could augment the resistance against the invasive oomycete pathogen, Aphanomyces astaci. Previous studies indicated that the TFs CCAAT/enhancer-binding pro