En hemgjord ask av näver -- vad behöver man? Ett stycke ny samhällsvetenskaplig kunskap -- vad behöver man? Den här texten är ett föredrag om akademiskt hantverk och dess material, verktyg, åskådliggörande, ändamål och estetik.

Background Recent policy in Sweden states that patients in every part of health care are to be presented with health counselling concerning living habits: tobacco, alcohol, an inactive lifestyle and eating habits. This review aims to investigate experiences and preferences of counselling about living habits from the patient’s perspective. Method A literature review of six major databases using a

Background Long-term alcohol abuse is a potent immunomodulator, and alcohol abusers have increased risk of bacterial infections after surgery. In experiments, acute alcohol intoxication suppresses certain immune reactions and may co-act with trauma to increase risk of post-trauma infectious complications. The aim was to evaluate immune reactions during, an evening of social drinking. Methods We s

Background Patients who screen positive for alcohol misuse on the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test Consumption Questionnaire (AUDIT-C ≥5 points) have significantly increased postoperative complications. Severe alcohol misuse (AUDIT-C ≥9 points) is associated with increased postoperative health care use; however, little is known about the prevalence of alcohol misuse in demographic and clin

Aims: The aim of this study was to compare the cancer morbidity in a large cohort of patients with alcohol use disorders in the general Danish population. Methods: We included 15,258 men and 3552 women free of cancer when attending the Copenhagen Outpatient Clinic for Alcoholics in the period from 1954 to 1992. The cancer incidence until 1999 of the patients and the general Danish population was o

Major surgery is associated with a decrease in muscle strength, muscle mass and functional performance. However, early intervention with intensive physical training seems to counteract the loss in muscle mass and muscle function as well as to shorten the postoperative length of stay in hospital. In addition, a sufficient intake of protein seems to be a central element in the treatment of postopera

The parabolic equation is approximated by a set of ordinary differential equations and by finite difference equations. special attention is given to the approximation of the boundary condition. Some identities suitable to check numerical calculations are also derived.

The problem of minimal inverses for linear time invariant multivariable systems is formulated and constructively solved in a state space setting. Unknown initial states as well as zero initial states are considered. The spectrum of the minimal inverse is shown to be unique and constructable from the original system without first calculating the whole inverse. This leads to a simple way of introduc

The vitamin D receptor (VDR) has been proposed as a candidate gene for several musculoskeletal phenotypes. However, previous results on the associations between genetic variants of the VDR with muscle strength and falls have been contradictory. The MrOS Sweden survey, a prospective population-based cohort study of 3014 elderly men (mean age 75 years, range 69–81) offered the opportunity to further

Authoritative school climates have been associated with less school bullying and other antisocial behaviors. However, studies focusing on the classroom level, as well as on bystander behaviors, are lacking. The aim of the current study was to examine whether authoritative classroom climates were associated with bullying victimization and various bystander behaviors (reinforcer, outsider, and defen

A real-time kernel which supports concurrent programming in Pascal is described. It implements semaphores for mutual exclusion and events for other synchronization. The kernel also offers the possibility to program I/O handlers. The kernel is written in Pascal, but relies on a small number of assembly written procedures for process creation, transfer between processes and handling of interrupts. TA real-time kernel which supports concurrent programming in Pascal is described. It implements semaphores for mutual exclusion and events for other synchronization. The kernel also offers the possibility to program I/O handlers. The kernel is written in Pascal, but relies on a small number of assembly written procedures for process creation, transfer between processes and handling of interrupts. T