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Unraveling the ancient fungal DNA from the Iceman gut

Background: Fungal DNA is rarely reported in metagenomic studies of ancient samples. Although fungi are essential for their interactions with all kingdoms of life, limited information is available about ancient fungi. Here, we explore the possibility of the presence of ancient fungal species in the gut of Ötzi, the Iceman, a naturally mummified human found in the Tyrolean Alps (border between Ital

Comfort Women of the Japanese Empire: Colonial Rule and the Battle over Memory

In Comfort Women of the Japanese Empire: Colonial Rule and the Battle over Memory, Park Yuha offers a provocative reassessment of the ‘comfort women’ issue – first proposed over a decade ago in the Korean version of this book. Situated at the heart of one of the most contentious debates in East Asian historiography, the book examines the enduring legacies of Japan’s colonial rule and its impact on

From pastures to plates: The thorny path to achieving deforestation-free cattle from Brazil to European consumers

The EU regulation on Deforestation-Free Products (EUDR) enacted in 2023 aims to reduce deforestation connected to commodities imported to the EU, including cattle products. In Brazil, the EUDR pressures the local cattle supply chain towards more sustainable production. However, the potential effects of the EUDR on reducing deforestation in this sector are unclear and require scrutiny. Drawing on t

Investigating Elastic Deformation of Ordered Precipitates by Ab Initio-Informed Phase-Field Crystal Modeling

Ni-based superalloys, essential for high-temperature applications, derive strength from coherent second-order precipitates that impede dislocation motion through coherency misfit and elastic mismatch. This study employs multi-component phase-field crystal (PFC) simulations to explore the elastic deformation of such precipitates. Using a binary ordered square structure for the precipitate and a sin

Acupuncture for hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy in neonates

Background: Peripartum asphyxia affects three to five per 1000 live births, with moderate or severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) occurring in 0.5 to 1 per 1000 live births, and is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Therapeutic hypothermia is an effective treatment, but alternative therapies such as acupuncture are also used. Objectives: To determine the benefits and harms of ac

Louise Lawler / Fredrik Værslev : Edited and with an essay by Pavel Pyś, Designed by Lorenzo Mason Studio

Conceived as a catalogue and an artist’s book, the publication was made on occasion of the eponymous 2022 exhibition at Indipendenza Roma. Deeply responsive to the space, the exhibition brought together works by Louise Lawler and Fredrik Værslev to explore the tension between an artwork and its surrounding architectural context, spurring questions of taste, value, function, and decoration.

Economisation as boundary work: Integrating climate change into IMF surveillance

In 2021, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) moved to integrate climate risks into its Article IV surveillance of member states. While the IMF has not traditionally been at the forefront of climate change efforts, this decision involved defining climate change as a risk to macro-economic stability. I argue that the integration of climate change into IMF surveillance can be understood as a case o

B-Spline Solution of the Two-Center Dirac Equation in the Electronic Continuum for Relativistic Molecular Photoionization

In this work, the two-center Dirac equation is solved numerically using an extension of an adapted B-spline basis set method previously implemented in relativistic atomic calculations (Fischer, C. F.; Zatsarinny, O. Comput. Phys. Commun. 2009, 180, 879). The robustness of the chosen numerical method, which avoids the appearance of spurious states common in other approaches, allows us to investigat

Continuity of Short-Time Dynamics Crossing the Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation in Charge-Tuned Protein Solutions

Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) constitutes a crucial phenomenon in biological self-organization, not only intervening in the formation of membraneless organelles but also triggering pathological protein aggregation, which is a hallmark in neurodegenerative diseases. Employing incoherent quasi-elastic neutron spectroscopy (QENS), we examine the short-time self-diffusion of a model protein un

Brain change trajectories in healthy adults correlate with Alzheimer’s related genetic variation and memory decline across life

Throughout adulthood and ageing our brains undergo structural loss in an average pattern resembling faster atrophy in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Using a longitudinal adult lifespan sample (aged 30-89; 2–7 timepoints) and four polygenic scores for AD, we show that change in AD-sensitive brain features correlates with genetic AD-risk and memory decline in healthy adults. We first show genetic risk li

Associations between dietary mycotoxins exposures and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in a European cohort

Mycotoxins have been hypothesized to contribute to a diversity of adverse health effects in humans, even at low concentrations. Certain mycotoxins are established human carcinogens, whereas for others research suggests potential carcinogenic effects. The aim of this study was to determine the association between dietary exposure to mycotoxins and hepatobiliary cancers in the European Prospective I

Opto-Avoidance-Elevated Plus Maze protocol to study positive or negative valence upon optogenetic stimulation in the mouse brain

The elevated plus maze (EPM) apparatus consists of two open arms that provide aversive spaces and two closed arms that provide protective and welcoming spaces. Here, we present a protocol to implement the classical EPM apparatus in a real-time optogenetic environment to address behavioral avoidance in mice. We describe steps for performing stereotaxic surgery, mouse manipulation, and experimental

På tvärvetenskapliga stigar : Tankar och hågkomster

”Flertalet av dessa essäer handlar helt eller åtminstone delvis om Oceanien, den del av världen där jag rest och forskat mest. Men under de gångna decennierna har jag även intresserat mig för mycket annat längs tvärvetenskapens stigar. Kanske har jag därmed likt apan i en av kapitelrubrikerna tagit mig vatten över huvudet – men roligt har det varit!” Så skriver Thomas Malm i inledningen till denn

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En reflektion over forfatterens mormors historie og det dengang begynde folkemord i Gaza.

Effects of psychedelics on neurogenesis and broader neuroplasticity : a systematic review

In the mammalian brain, new neurons continue to be generated throughout life in a process known as adult neurogenesis. The role of adult-generated neurons has been broadly studied across laboratories, and mounting evidence suggests a strong link to the HPA axis and concomitant dysregulations in patients diagnosed with mood disorders. Psychedelic compounds, such as phenethylamines, tryptamines, can

Defining neuroblastoma : From origin to precision medicine

Neuroblastoma (NB), a heterogenous pediatric tumor of the sympathetic nervous system, is the most common and deadly extracranial solid malignancy diagnosed in infants. Numerous efforts have been invested in understanding its origin and in development of novel curative targeted therapies. Here, we summarize the recent advances in the identification of the cell of origin and the genetic alterations

Absolute Dimensionality of Quantum Ensembles

The dimension of a quantum state is traditionally seen as the number of superposed distinguishable states in a given basis. We propose an absolute, i.e., basis-independent, notion of dimensionality for ensembles of quantum states. It is based on whether a quantum ensemble can be simulated with states confined to arbitrary lower-dimensional subspaces and classical postprocessing. In order to determ

Empirical Valence Bond Simulations of Organophosphate Hydrolysis : Theory and Practice

Recent years have seen an explosion of interest in understanding the mechanisms of phosphate ester hydrolysis in biological systems, using a range of computational approaches, each with different advantages and limitations. In this contribution, we present the empirical valence bond (EVB) approach as a powerful tool for modeling biochemical reactivity, using the example of organophosphate hydrolys

Abnormally high exertional breathlessness predicts mortality in people referred for incremental cycle exercise testing

Background Exertional breathlessness is a key symptom in cardiorespiratory disease and can be quantified using incremental exercise testing, but its prognostic significance is unknown. We evaluated the ability of abnormally high breathlessness intensity during incremental cycle exercise testing to predict all-cause, respiratory, and cardiac mortality. Study design and methods Longitudinal cohort s