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Biased Estimates of Environmental Impact in the Negative Footprint Illusion : The Nature of Individual Variation

People consistently act in ways that harm the environment, even when believing their actions are environmentally friendly. A case in point is a biased judgment termed the negative footprint illusion, which arises when people believe that the addition of “eco-friendly” items (e.g., environmentally certified houses) to conventional items (e.g., standard houses), reduces the total carbon footprint of

What Influences People’s Tradeoff Decisions Between CO2 Emissions and Travel Time? An Experiment With Anchors and Normative Messages

One of the today’s greatest challenges is to adjust our behavior so that we can avoid a major climate disaster. To do so, we must make sacrifices for the sake of the environment. The study reported here investigates how anchors (extrinsic motivational-free information) and normative messages (extrinsic motivational information) influence people’s tradeoffs between travel time and carbon dioxide (C

How do people aggregate value? An experiment with relative importance of criteria and relative goodness of alternatives as inputs

The concept of importance of criteria is used as a central element in several decision making contexts, specifically in value aggregation, e.g. as an input to decision support tools. For example, in the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) decision makers are asked to estimate how much more important one criterion is than another. However, it is not clear how people understand aggregation models based

Can the negative footprint illusion be eliminated by summative priming?

People’s belief that one or more environmentally friendly items that are added to a set of conventional items can reduce the total environmental impact of these items (the negative footprint illusion) could lead to unwanted environmental consequences. An averaging bias seems to underpin this illusion: people make their estimates based on the average of the environmental impact produced by the item

The psychology of balancing gains and losses for self and the environment : Evidence from a carbon emission versus travel time tradeoff task

If human behavior is to become more sustainable, people will have to be willing to sacrifice personal gains and benefits for the sake of sustainability. Decisions will have to involve making tradeoffs between what is good for the self and what is good for sustainability. In the present paper, we studied the psychology of such tradeoffs in the context of a carbon dioxide (CO2) emission versus trave

Anchoring effect in judgments of objective fact and subjective preference

The way by which various sources of external information interact in their effects on judgment is rarely investigated. Here, we report two experiments that examine how two sources of external information—an anchor (a reference price) and an eco-label—influence judgments of an objective fact (product price) and a subjective preference (willingness-to-pay for the product). Participants’ price judgme

Averaging bias in environmental impact estimates : Evidence from the negative footprint illusion

In this paper we argue that unsustainable behaviors often stem from a common averaging bias when people estimate the environmental impact of a set of environmentally friendly and less friendly objects or actions. In Experiment 1, we show that people believe that the total carbon footprint of a category of items (a community of buildings in this case) is lower, rather than higher, when environmenta

Comorbidity of Airway Inflammatory Diseases in Chemical and Building-Related Intolerance

Objectives: This study investigated comorbidity in chemical intolerance (CI) and building-related intolerance (BRI) with (i) chronic sinusitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, allergic and nonallergic asthma and allergic rhinitis, and (ii) airway inflammatory symptoms. Methods: Data from two population-based questionnaire surveys, the Västerbotten and Österbotten Environmental Health Studie

Child Participation : From Radical Principle to Routine Activity in India’s Largest Child Rights Scheme

Child participation, mandating that children should be able to impact the laws,policies, and programmes that affect them, is a core child rights principle. However, if children’s ideas should be taken seriously, it requires a radically open-minded and adaptable attitude of the adults whose responsibility it is to implement these laws, policies, and programmes. Such an attitude is difficult to “mai

Jaktturism - avvägningar, utmaningar och möjligheter

Jaktturism anses ofta spela en viktig roll i hållbar landsbygdsutveckling. Turismenkan skapa arbeten, samt bidra till att traditioner och miljöer bevaras. En kommersiell jakt som riktar sig till lokala såväl som inresande jägare kan innebära att viltet kan användas som resurs på flera och nya sätt. När jakten ramas in och paketeras som turismprodukt, där boende, måltider och guidning ingår, kan ja

Exonic trinucleotide repeat expansions in ZFHX3 cause spinocerebellar ataxia type 4 : A poly-glycine disease

Autosomal-dominant ataxia with sensory and autonomic neuropathy is a highly specific combined phenotype that we described in two Swedish kindreds in 2014; its genetic cause had remained unknown. Here, we report the discovery of exonic GGC trinucleotide repeat expansions, encoding poly-glycine, in zinc finger homeobox 3 (ZFHX3) in these families. The expansions were identified in whole-genome datas

The relative impact of parental and current environment on plant transcriptomes depends on type of stress and genotype

Through developmental plasticity, an individual organism integrates influences from its immediate environment with those due to the environment of its parents. While both effects on phenotypes are well documented, their relative impact has been little studied in natural systems, especially at the level of gene expression. We examined this issue in four genotypes of the annual plant Persicaria macu

Executive Summary : Guidelines and Recommendations for Laboratory Analysis in the Diagnosis and Management of Diabetes Mellitus

BACKGROUND Numerous laboratory tests are used in the diagnosis and management of patients with diabetes mellitus. The quality of the scientific evidence supporting the use of these assays varies substantially. An expert committee compiled evidence-based recommendations for laboratory analysis in patients with diabetes. The overall quality of the evidence and the strength of the recommendations wer

Mid-Ludfordian uranium isotope records distinguish the role of expansive marine anoxia in global carbon cycle dynamics during the late Silurian Lau/Kozlowskii bioevent

The late Silurian Lau/Kozlowskii bioevent marks a time interval with substantial loss in marine biodiversity linked to the largest positive carbon isotope excursion (Mid-Ludfordian CIE; MLCIE) recorded in the Phanerozoic (δ13Ccarb peaks at +8–10‰). The positive δ13C excursion and the extinctions have been linked to increased marine productivity (ocean eutrophication), leading to increased organic

Early screening outcomes before, during, and after a randomized controlled trial with digital breast tomosynthesis

Purpose: To describe and compare early screening outcomes before, during and after a randomized controlled trial with digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) including synthetic 2D mammography versus standard digital mammography (DM) (To-Be 1) and a follow-up cohort study using DBT (To-Be 2). Methods: Retrospective results of 125,020 screening examinations from four consecutive screening rounds perform

Effect of Different In2O3(111) Surface Terminations on CO2 Adsorption

In2O3-based catalysts have shown high activity and selectivity for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol; however, the origin of the high performance of In2O3 is still unclear. To elucidate the initial steps of CO2 hydrogenation over In2O3, we have combined X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations to study the adsorption of CO2 on the In2O3(111) crystalline surface with

Highly deformed rotational structures in 136Pm

Four highly deformed structures in the odd-odd nucleus 13661Pm75 were observed via the 105Pd(35Cl,2p2n) reaction at 180 and 173 MeV using the GAMMASPHERE γ-ray spectrometer and the Microball charged-particle detector array. Quadrupole moment measurements were performed on all of the bands. In contrast to lighter odd-Ζ Pm and Pr nuclei, bands based on the g9/2[404]9/2 proton orbital were not observ

Archaeological Interactive Report : AIR

Archaeological investigations are by their nature destructive activities. Data documentation is the most important task not to lose the information collected, the interpretations performed and the new knowledge obtained. The Archaeological Interactive Report -AIR is a web platform that provides archaeologists with the tools for documentation, long-term archival, management, visualization, and publ