Aims: During recent years, two strategies of incretin-based therapy [glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonism and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibition] have entered the market for pharmacological management of type 2 diabetes. A main indication for this therapy is as add-on to on-going metformin therapy in subjects with type 2 diabetes who have insufficient glycaemic control with metf

We report on a monotonic reduction of Curie temperature in dilute ferromagnetic semiconductor (Ga,Mn) As upon a well controlled chemical-etching/oxidizing thinning from 15 nm down to complete removal of the ferromagnetic response. The effect already starts at the very beginning of the thinning process and is accompanied by the spin reorientation transition of the in-plane uniaxial anisotropy. We p

The In 3d(5/2) photoelectron spectroscopy peak has been widely used to determine the interface structures of In-containing III-V device materials (e.g., oxidation states). However, an unclear parameter affecting the determination of the energy shifts and number of the core-level components, and therefore, the interpreted interface structure and composition, is still the intrinsic In 3d(5/2) peak l

Clinical samples contained in biorepositories represent an important resource for investigating the many factors that drive human biology. The biological and chemical markers contained in clinical samples provide important measures of health and disease that when combined with such medical evaluation data can aid in decision making by physicians. Nearly all disciplines in medicine and every omic d

We present a summary of late Paleoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic mafic magmatism in the Siberian craton, including recently published U-Pb and Ar-40-Ar-39 dates. These new precise ages suggest that at least some of the previously published K-Ar ages of Siberian mafic bodies should be ignored. The time-space geochronological chart, or the 'barcode' of mafic magmatic events shows significant differen

Abstract Objective. The postprandial acid pocket is suggested to be an important factor in the pathogenesis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) as it according to the theory extends into the distal esophagus. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the acid pocket transverses the squamocolumnar junction (SCJ) and exposes the most distal esophagus to gastric acid for extended pe

Abstract in UndeterminedFew studies have investigated long-term odor recognition memory, although some early observations suggested that the forgetting rate of olfactory representations is slower than for other sensory modalities. This study investigated recognition memory across 64 days for high and low familiar odors and faces. Memory was assessed in 83 young participants at 4 occasions; immedia

Context:Immunoassay-based techniques, routinely used to measure serum estradiol (E2), are known to have reduced specificity, especially at lower concentrations, when compared with the gold standard technique of mass spectrometry (MS). Different measurement techniques may be responsible for the conflicting results of associations between serum E2 and clinical phenotypes in men.Objective:Our objecti

Background: Opiate substitution therapy (OST) reduces the risk of death from directly drug-related causes in heroin users, allowing other chronic health problems to emerge. People who inject drugs (PWID) are exposed to hepatitis C virus (HCV), with an associated risk of chronic liver disease. We investigated HCV prevalence and liver-related morbidity in a cohort of OST recipients, and analyzed fac

Objectives The aim of the study was to examine the predictive value of QRS duration and morphology during watchful waiting in asymptomatic patients with aortic stenosis (AS). Background QRS duration and morphology are associated with poor prognosis in many different populations, but the predictive value, particularly of the risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD), in asymptomatic patients with AS has n

Objective Vibratory perception threshold (VPT) is impaired in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). It is, however, not known if sensory deficits precede or follow as a consequence of OA. The aim of this study was to investigate VPT in 2 independent groups of patients with high risk of future OA (young anterior cruciate ligament [ACL]-injured patients and middle-aged meniscectomized patients) an

In 1919 the now largely forgotten popular novelist E.M. Hull sparked a decade of infatuation with the ‘desert romance’ on the publication of her first book, The sheik. The obsession with the genre, fuelled by the release of Melford's 1921 film adaptation of the book, saw women swooning in the aisles at ‘screen god’ Rudolph Valentino's starring role. My aim here is to broaden the focus on Hull away

Requirements for patient safety and improved efficacy are steadily increasing in modern healthcare and are key drivers in modern drug development. New drug characterization assays are central in providing evidence of the specificity and selectivity of drugs. Meeting this need, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) is used to study drug localization withi

We consider the problem of reliable communication over multiple-access channels (MAC) where the channel is driven by an independent and identically distributed state process and the encoders and the decoder are provided with various degrees of asymmetric (noisy or partial) channel state information (CSI). Namely, we provide a single letter characterization for the capacity region when the encoders

Social monogamy has traditionally been suggested to be maintained because of weak sexual selection on male partner acquisition. However, the ubiquitous incidence of extra-pair paternity suggests that sexual selection can be strong in monogamous systems, although studies partitioning variance in male reproductive success have come to mixed conclusions. Here, we use detailed field data to examine va

Experiments are carried out on partially premixed turbulent flames stabilized in a conical burner. The investigated gaseous fuels are methane, methane diluted with nitrogen, and Mixtures of CH4, CO, CO2, H-2 and N-2, Simulating typical products from gasification of biomass, and co-firing of gasification gas with methane. The fuel and air are partially premixed in concentric tubes. Flame stabilizat

BACKGROUND Experimental and clinical evidence suggests that cyclosporine may attenuate reperfusion injury and reduce myocardial infarct size. We aimed to test whether cyclosporine would improve clinical outcomes and prevent adverse left ventricular remodeling. METHODS In a multicenter, double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned 970 patients with an acute anterior ST-segment elevation myocardial i