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Under 1980–90-talet initierades det i Sverige omfattande reformer i den offentliga sektorn med det privata näringslivet som inspiration. En av orsakerna var att man började anse att organisationer i offentlig regi inte var kostnadseffektiva. Reformerna skulle med detta effektivisera de offentliga organisationerna med bl.a. ledarskapsidéer tagna från det privata näringslivet. På senare år har reforThe purpose of this study is to examine whether there has been a change in problem descriptions and solution ideas regarding governance principles in public investigations in Sweden from a discourse institutionalism perspective over the past decade. Furthermore, the aim has also been to try to map out the changes based on notions of professionalism and managerialism. The method is based on Viviens

This paper is a reformulation of Leonard Dickson's complete classification of the finite subgroups of the two-dimensional special linear group over an arbitrary algebraically closed field, SL(2,F). The approach is to construct a class equation of the conjugacy classes of maximal abelian subgroups of an arbitrary finite subgroup of SL(2,F). In turn, this leads to only 10 possible classes of str

Prisutvecklingen på bostäder är något som väcker intresse på nationellt och individuellt plan. Mellan år 2008 och 2018 har kvadratmeterpriset och den genomsnittliga köpeskillingen för bostadsrätter fördubblats. Den expansiva värdeökningen är förenad med risker kopplade till hushållens skuldsättning som ökat i en snabb takt och därmed även ökat den finansiella sårbarheten. Ett alternativt sätt att Few markets are followed with such a great interest as the housing market. The development of house prices is something that intrigues on a national and an individual level, since properties are often seen as the most valuable asset in a household. Prices for co-operative apartments in Sweden have practically doubled in 2018 compared with 2008. The increasing trend in house prices is united with r

The ability of a cell to respond to mechanical cues from its external environment is vital for many important cellular processes including directed cell migration, which drives embryogenesis, wound healing and is also a key factor in many diseases such as fibrosis, atherosclerosis and during cancer metastasis. The primary mechanism by which a cell senses and responds to changing mechanical cues fr

In the present time, the rate of environmental degradation requires us to use all available means to avoid further damage and restore the environment to the best of our possibilities. Education is an important channel to promote environmentalism and sustainability, and to promote pro-environmental individual decisions, especially regarding consumption and purchasing patterns. The case study analys

When making an Integrated Chip, there is a process called contacting or bonding. In this process, the circuit is connected to the capsule. As a result, there is interference between the bond wires through inductive coupling. At higher frequencies, the problem becomes more apparent, which means that the role of frequency in interference should be investigated. By using a bonding machine and making

The outcome of malaria infections in humans and mice, including the symptoms experienced by the host, the clearance of the parasite, and the host survival; is highly dependant on the balance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory immune mechanisms. Cytokines, which are signalling molecules involved in cell-cell communication, play a central role in such balance. Given the limited knowledge abo

Asfaltsbruk har stor påverkan på asfaltens egenskaper. Under senare tid har många stu- dier genomförts med syfte att utreda hur asfaltsbruk kan modifieras f ̈or att förbättra egenskaperna hos den slutgiltiga asfaltskroppen. Användandet av tillsatser vid as- falttillverkning används idag i stor utsträckning, varför det är intressant att utreda huruvida tillsatserna bidrar till efterfrågade egenskapAsphalt mastic has a major impact on the properties of asphalt. In recent years, many studies have been conducted to investigate how asphalt mastic can be modified to improve the properties of the final asphalt mixture. In this study, two commonly used additives, cellulose fibers and polymer modifiedbitumen of the SBS type (styrene- butadiene-styrene) were evaluated. The evaluation was done by swe

Entreprenader omsätter inte sällan stora mängder pengar, och pågår ofta över långa perioder. På grund av detta är det av särskild vikt att förstå vilka arbeten som omfattas av det ursprungliga kontraktet, och vilka som ska anses vara arbeten som entreprenören inte borde ha förutsett vid sin beräkning av anbudet. Vid sin anbudsberäkning utgår entreprenören ifrån det förfrågningsunderlag som beställConstruction contracts often involve large amounts of money and require that commitments are made over large periods of time. Because of this it is important to understand what work is covered by the initial contract, and what work is not covered since the contractor should not have foreseen such work when calculating its tender. The contractor uses the tender documents which the client has provid

Med modern teknik inom artificiell intelligens (AI) kan datorprogram lära sig spela spel genom att öva. I mitt examensarbete lär sig ett datorprogram spela luffarschack (5-i-rad) genom att spela 200 000 partier mot sig själv. I början spelar programmet helt slumpmässigt, men till slut är det väldigt svårslaget. Brädspel har en lång historia inom AI-forskningen. De är med sin unika kombination avTemporal difference learning is considered one of the most successful methods in reinforcement learning. Recent developments in deep learning have opened up a new world of opportunities. In this project, we compare classic scalar temporal difference learning with three new distributional algorithms for playing the game of 5-in-a-row using deep neural networks: distributional temporal difference le

This paper investigates different retrofit solutions simulated in a commercial building from the 1960s. All improvements were simulated in the IDA ICE software and the Global Warming Potential was calculated with the help of Eco Bat. During the investigation a cost-effective solution was indicated with the help of a life cycle cost calculation. Then the environmental impact of each proposal was es

This thesis explores the understudied topic of the Kurdish women’s movement in Iraq. The study takes a critical look at institutionalization of the struggle for gender equality. Drawing on the ten interviews conducted with women activists in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, this study describes and analyzes their concerns about how institutionalizing the struggle has not only weakened the Kurdish wom

Purpose – This paper aims to explore online brand communities on social media platforms, built by B2B companies in the machinery equipment industry, and how these virtual spaces can contribute to relationship marketing and corporate brand building. Design/methodology/approach – The paper adopts both literature review and a multiple case study approach of two companies, Caterpillar and John Deere,

Introduction: Brand rejuvenation stands for bringing brand up-to-date. Any brand might face at some point an aging issue. One way to handle this issue is to perform brand rejuvenation. However, the process of brand rejuvenation is not a simple process for the company. There are various aspects that might affect the process which can turn into negative results. In this paper, we investigated the La

Syftet med mitt arbete är att utveckla min egen interpretation av andra satsen i Haydns cellokonsert i C-dur. Genom att systematiskt lyssna på hur ett antal berömda cellister tolkat musiken, genom att jämföra parametrarna tempo, vibrato, dynamik och frasering har jag kunnat upptäcka vissa samband och avvikelser mellan tolkningarna. Med hjälp av denna nya kunskap har det varit möjligt för mig att mThe purpose of this study was to develop my own interpretation of the second movement of Haydn’s cello concerto in C major. By systematically listening to how famous cellists have interpreted this piece, and by comparing the parameters tempo, vibrato, dynamics and phrasing, I have been able to discover certain connections and differences between the interpretations. With help of this knowledge it

Violence against women is a serious human rights violation and a major cause of reduced of life, distress, injury and death for female. According to World Health Organization, 1 in 3 women around the world experience physical or sexual violence, mostly by an intimate partner. This study attempts to contribute to our understanding the problem of violence against women and State obligation with a f

Tidigare forskning har visat att mobbningsinblandning korrelerar med psykisk ohälsa och olika sociala riskfaktorer både för de som utsätts för mobbning, de som mobbar andra och de som både blir utsatta och utsätter andra. Framför allt den sista gruppen har visats ha en större psykisk ohälsa och ett ökat samband med andra sociala riskfaktorer. Det finns också forskning om kumulativ utsatthet som viPrevious research has shown that bullying involvement correlates to poor mental health and social risk factors both for those being bullied, those who bully and those who both bully and are being bullied. The group involved both as perpetrators and victims of bullying have an even worse mental health and an increased correlation to other social risk factors. There is also research about cumulative

Åklagarens objektivitetsplikt har under de senaste åren blivit särskilt uppmärksammad med anledning av Thomas Quick-fallet. Under 90-talet erkände Quick ett 30-tal mord, varav han blev dömd för åtta av dem. Emellertid förändrades allt år 2008 när Quick tog tillbaka sina erkännanden. Detta ledde till ett antal omprövningar, där han så småningom blev friad från samtliga åtal. I såväl domstolar som mIn recent years, the prosecutor's duty to act objectively has received special attention due to the case of Thomas Quick. During the 90’s, Quick confessed to over 30 murders, of which he was convicted for eight of them. However, all this changed in the year of 2008 when he took back his confessions. This led to a number of re-trials, where Quick eventually was cleared from all charges. Extensi

Over the past two decades several central banks have to varying extent and over different periods used unconventional monetary policy in order to govern stubbornly low inflation rates. As policy rates decrease to near zero or even negative levels for prolonged periods of time, the risk premium on financial markets as well as the cost of debt is altered. This thesis examines how equity valuations o