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A neurotoxin that specifically targets Anopheles mosquitoes

Clostridial neurotoxins, including tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins, generally target vertebrates. We show here that this family of toxins has a much broader host spectrum, by identifying PMP1, a clostridial-like neurotoxin that selectively targets anopheline mosquitoes. Isolation of PMP1 from Paraclostridium bifermentans strains collected in anopheline endemic areas on two continents indicates i

Relationship management with managers of countrywide offices of SEESA : a case study

Employees are a crucial stakeholder group for organisations since they determinethe degree to which they achieve their goals. It is therefore necessary to build strong relationships with the workforce to encourage employee engagement, which implies that employees’ individual goals are aligned to those of the organisation. To build strong relationships, internal communication should be managed stra

Investigation of effects of intake temperature on low load limitations of methanol partially premixed combustion

Methanol has unique properties as a fuel, and partially premixed combustion has promising results with high engine efficiency and low emissions. Low load studies with methanol partially premixed combustion are scarce, and the effect of intake temperature on low load methanol partially premixed combustion still remains an intriguing question. This study aims to investigate the effect of intake temp

In vitro maintenance of multipotent neural crest stem cells as crestospheres

Neural crest cells are a critical source of many cell types of the vertebrate body. However, as a stem cell population they are peculiar because of the transient nature of their stem cell niche; soon after the multipotent neural crest cells are specified in the neuroepithelium, they become mesenchymal cells that migrate into various destinations in early embryos. These rapid in vivo changes during

A Novel Approach to Chemical Mixture Risk Assessment—Linking Data from Population-Based Epidemiology and Experimental Animal Tests

Humans are continuously exposed to chemicals with suspected or proven endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Risk management of EDCs presents a major unmet challenge because the available data for adverse health effects are generated by examining one compound at a time, whereas real-life exposures are to mixtures of chemicals. In this work, we integrate epidemiological and experimental evidence to

Competition, seed dispersal and hunting : What drives germination and seedling survival in an Afrotropical forest?

Disentangling the contributions of different processes that influence plant recruitment, such as competition and seed dispersal, is important given the increased human-mediated changes in tropical forest ecosystems. Previous studies have shown that seedling communities in an Afrotropical rainforest in southeastern Nigeria are strongly affected by the loss of important seed-dispersing primates, inc

Surgical and not analgesic technique affects postoperative inflammation following colorectal cancer surgery : a prospective, randomized study

AIM: Epidural analgesia reduces the surgical stress response. However, its effect on pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the genesis of inflammation following major abdominal surgery remains unclear. Our main objective was to elucidate whether perioperative epidural analgesia prevents the inflammatory response following colorectal cancer surgery.METHODS: Ninety-six patients scheduled for open

Leukotriene D(4) triggers an association between gbetagamma subunits and phospholipase C-gamma1 in intestinal epithelial cells

The proinflammatory mediator leukotriene D(4) (LTD(4)) binds to the seven-transmembrane receptor CYSLT(1). Although this leukotriene plays an important biological role, its intracellular signaling pathways are only partly known. In previous experiments, we found that LTD(4) induced tyrosine phosphorylation and translocation of phospholipase (PLC)-gamma1 to a plasma membrane fraction in a human epi

Proteomic profiling of extracellular vesicles reveals additional diagnostic biomarkers for myocardial infarction compared to plasma alone

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are submicron, membrane-enclosed particles that are released from cells in various pathophysiological states. The molecular cargo of these vesicles is considered to reflect the composition of the cell of origin, and the EV proteome is therefore a potential source of biomarkers for various diseases. Our aim was to determine whether EVs isolated from plasma provide addit

Translation and pilot study of the Cleft Hearing Appearance and Speech Questionnaire (CHASQ)

Background: There has been a lack of a standardized protocol for collection of patient reported outcomes (PRO) and detection of and indication for psychological treatment in cleft care. The objectives of this paper was to translate Cleft Hearing Appearance and Speech Questionnaire (CHASQ) into eight European languages, to investigate whether levels of PRO in patients with cleft lip and/or cleft pa

Multidimensional diffusion MRI with spectrally modulated gradients reveals unprecedented microstructural detail

Characterization of porous media is essential in a wide range of biomedical and industrial applications. Microstructural features can be probed non-invasively by diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI). However, diffusion encoding in conventional dMRI may yield similar signatures for very different microstructures, which represents a significant limitation for disentangling individual microstr

Ethical considerations in crossing the xenobarrier

Chimeras have been an important part of animal research for decades. Yet crossing the species barrier has always been seen as potentially morally problematic. In recent years, advances in chimeric research and the attendant possibilities—organ xenotransplantation, cognitive enhancement, and others—have given rise to further ethical concern. This contribution surveys the main ethical questions that

Strategic communication management in the non-profit adult literacy sector

In 2007 more than a quarter (26%) of the South African adult population was functionally illiterate. As a result many non-profit organisations (NPOs) in South Africa strive to raise adult literacy levels. Adult illiteracy leads to problems such as, amongst others, high levels of unemployment, poverty and crime.Most NPOs do not practice strategic communication management to build strong, lasting an

Assessment of Upstream Human Intervention Coupled with Climate Change Impact for a Transboundary River Flow Regime : Nile River Basin

The aim of this article is to determine how human interventions in upstream countries coupled with drought events are affecting the flow regime of downstream countries using the Nile River basin for illustrative purposes. This has been addressed by assessing climate change in the study area through analyses of precipitation data obtained from the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) and