Aims/hypothesis Some studies have revealed a relationship between Caesarean section (CS) and type 1 diabetes, while other studies have not. By using the Swedish paediatric quality register we investigated whether birth by CS is related to the risk of developing type 1 diabetes during childhood. Methods All children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes from 2000 to 2012 and included in the register (n= 9

This article describes nurses' experiences during their first year after graduation, based on the qualitative content analysis of eight interviews. The results show that the nurses experienced a transition from "being a rookie," including being accepted as a member of the team and respected as a colleague, to "becoming a genuine nurse," including the feeling of being able to shoulder responsibilit

This combined experimental and theoretical study demonstrates that the surface plasmon resonance in C-60 alters the valence photoemission quantum phase, resulting in strong effects in the photoelectron angular distribution and emission time delay. Electron momentum imaging spectroscopy is used to measure the photoelectron angular distribution asymmetry parameter that agrees well with our calculati

The p(t)-differential inclusive production cross sections of the prompt charmed mesons D-0, D+, and D*(+) in the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.5 were measured in proton-proton collisions at root s = 7 TeV at the LHC using the ALICE detector. Reconstructing the decays D-0 -> K-pi(+), D+ -> K-pi(+)pi(+), D*(+) -> D-0 pi(+), and their charge conjugates, about 8,400 D-0, 2,900 D+, and

Biological invasion by non-native tree species can transform landscapes, and as a consequence, has received growing attention from researchers and managers alike. This problem is driven primarily by the naturalisation and invasion of tree species escaping from cultivation or forestry plantations. Furthermore, these invasions can be strongly influenced by the land-use matrix of the surrounding regi

Birds commonly use rest-phase hypothermia, a controlled reduction of body temperature (T (b)), to conserve energy during times of high metabolic demands. We assessed the flexibility of this heterothermic strategy by increasing roost-site temperature and recording the subsequent T (b) changes in wintering blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus L.), assuming that blue tits would respond to treatment by incr

We study how the quality and instability of institutions and policies affect economic growth in 35 European countries. While stability entails valuable predictability, instability can reflect reforms that offer positive long-run consequences. We construct measures of quality and instability for a panel of countries for 1984-2009. Results suggest that the quality of policy is growth-promoting. Nota

Difficulties in attracting student teachers have resulted in research focusing on student teachers' motives for studying to join the profession. Because previous findings are mixed, the first aim of this study was to explore motives for students to become teachers. A second aim was to explore the relationship between teachers' motives and their academic engagement and dropout rates at the end of t

Den makaronesiska övärlden i likhet med de flesta andra ögrupper av vulkaniskt ursprung präglas ofta av en stor biologisk mångfald. En stor mångfald av arter inom många släkten och närvaro av närbesläktade arter i närliggande miljöer tyder på en utveckling av arter genom adaptiv radering. Endemismen är alltid procentuellt hög i dessa övärldar. Vill man uppleva unika endemer inom flora och även fau

Thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) provides a crucial precursor, thymidine monophosphate (dTMP), for nucleic acid synthesis, and the activity of TK1 increases up to 200-fold during the S-phase of cell division in humans. An important part of the regulatory check-points is the ATP and enzyme concentration-dependent transition of TK1 from a dimer with low catalytic efficiency to a tetramer with high catalytic

The mechanisms for oxygen etching of graphene on Ir(111) are uncovered through a systematic variation of the graphene morphology - ranging from an impermeable graphene layer to graphene nanoflakes - and the application of complementary experimental methods, including scanning tunneling microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and temperature programmed desorption. Associated with a strong var

Interactions between iron (Fe) and arsenic (As) play a vital role in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems influencing the reactivity and transport of arsenic. A key aspect is the effect of natural organic matter (NOM) on these interactions, and previous investigations have reported the existence of ternary As-Fe-NOM species. In this study, the reactivity of Fe, from a boreal stream water, towards As

This study describes an efficient isolation procedure for the extraction of polar lipids from two strains of bifidobacteria - Bifidobacterium longum and Bifidobacterium angulatum. We first compared the lipid profiles of two strains of bifidobacteria and showed that the strains of the same genus may differ by lipid composition of cell walls. The polar lipids were isolated using the following condit

Six different ionomers having various aromatic polymer backbones with pendant 2-sulfobenzoyl side chains were prepared by nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions of lithium 2,6-difluoro-2′-sulfobenzophenone with 4,4-biphenol, 2,7-dihydroxynaphthalene, 4,4-isopropylidenediphenol, 4,4-dihydroxydiphenyl ether, 4,4′-thiodiphenol, and 4,4′-thiobisbenzenethiol, respectively, to produce four poly(ar

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) regulates platelet shedding of CD40L in abdominal sepsis. However, the signaling mechanisms controlling sepsis-induced shedding of CD40L from activated platelets remain elusive. Rac1 has been reported to regulate diverse functions in platelets; we hypothesized herein that Rac1 might regulate platelet shedding of CD40L in sepsis. The specific Rac1 inhibitor NSC237

We investigated atmospheric aerosol particle dynamics in a boreal forest zone in northern Scandinavia. We used aerosol number size distribution data measured with either a differential mobility particle sizer (DMPS) or scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) at three stations (Varrio, Pallas and Abisko), and combined these data with the HYSPLIT (Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Traject

Immune system is highly integrated with the nervous and endocrine systems, which is thought to result in covariation between behavioural syndromes and stress- and immune-associated diseases. Very little is known about the associations between behaviour and immune traits in wild animals. Here we describe such an association in passerine birds, the greenfinches (Carduelis chloris). When wild-caught

This article introduces a new methodology for deriving the dynamics of visual segmentation in relation to the underlying cognitive processes involved. The method combines social semiotics approaches to visual segmentation with eye-tracking studies on authentic image viewing and simultaneous image description. The authors' thesis is that visual segmentation suggested by the social semiotic approach

Given that tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have dramatically improved the survival of patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), we were interested in examining the possible risk of long-term adverse events, such as the emergence of other neoplasms. Therefore, we studied the development of second malignancies in 868 patients diagnosed with CML between 2002 and 2011 using the Swedish CML regi