The calculation of absorbed dose within patients during external photon beam radiotherapy is reviewed. This includes the modelling of the radiation source i.e. in most cases a linear accelerator (beam modelling) and examples of dose calculation algorithms applied within the patient i.e. the dose engine. For the first part - the beam modelling, the different sources in the treatment head as target,

Arabinofuranosidases degrade arabinose-containing oligo and polysaccharides, releasing l-arabinose, which is a potentially useful sugar, shown to reduce glycemic response under certain conditions. Arabinofuranosidases (Arafs) are frequently found in GH43, one of the most common GH-families encoded in genomes in gut microbiota, and hence it is of interest to increase understanding of the function o

Spices are rich in distinct polyphenols which might act on the gut by inhibiting glucose uptake and modulating appetite responses. To investigate this hypothesis, healthy adults were randomly assigned to receive isovolumetric (220 ml) spice-based (contained total polyphenol concentration to 185 mg gallic-acid equivalents) or control beverages followed by a standard bread breakfast containing 50 g

Recent advancements in almost all aspects of hemophilia treatment have vastly improved patient care and management, and new and emerging treatments hold the promise of further progress. However, there remains a scarcity of data on long-term outcomes in hemophilia, particularly among those patients with inhibitors, for whom no validated outcome assessment tools are currently available. At the 15th

SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells are susceptible to differentiation using retinoic acid (RA) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), providing a model of neuronal differentiation. We compared SH-SY5Y cells proteome before and after RA/BDNF treatment using iTRAQ and phosphopeptide enrichment strategies. We identified 5587 proteins, 366 of them with differential abundance. Differentiated cells expr

OBJECT: Subcutaneously intermittent administration of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH-Fragmin®) - (120IU/kgx2 BW) - in unstable angina was introduced clinically during the last year at our Hospital, after reports of the FRISC and FRIC studies as an alternative to continous infusion of standard heparin. In such patients with need for CABG, no data on haemostasis or anticoagulation during CBP had

The article aims to illustrate the multifaceted interlink between climate change, heat, and human rights and discuss in what ways international human rights law may be used to support the development and implementation of policy at various levels to limit adverse effects of climate change on humans in general and right to health in particular. This is done by overviewing the possibilities and limi

Understanding the economic effects of foreign multinational corporations (MNCs) is a priority for academics, policymakers and business professionals alike. In this volume, a number of international economists use factory-level data to analyze the effects of MNCs on wages, productivity and exports in Indonesia and Thailand, in unprecedented detail.

During the winter and spring of 2006, Denmark and Scandinavia faced its most serious crisis since World War II. The conflict started as a Danish newspaper published a number of cartoons, some of which portrayed the prophet Muhammad. After the Danish government rejected their requests to censor the media, Danish Islamists distributed these pictures to some senior political and religious figures in

Random wireless network scenario generator.

Based on fieldwork among jade traders and carvers in Ruili, this chapter discusses the realization of economic and spiritual potentials of a type of jade called feicui翡翠 as determination of a partially indeterminate material. Some traders posit feicui as an empty container for economic value, while the material constitutes spiritual fullness especially for carvers. An opaque layer of surface skin

Background: Proliferative diabetic retinopathy is a major cause of visual impairment in working-age adults worldwide. Panretinal photocoagulation is a cornerstone in its management; however, it may include a range of side effects and complications, one of these being serous retinal detachment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the use of intravitreal injection of bevacizuma

BACKGROUND: A great deal of interest has been focused on finding substitutes for autogenous bone grafts. Among the most interesting materials are different calcium phosphate compositions (e.g., hydroxyapatite [HA]), due to their biocompatible properties in hard and soft tissue.PURPOSE: The bone response to porous ceramic HA granules in combination with two lipid and one polysaccharide carrier was

We have compared the anatomic and functional regeneration of a transected sciatic nerve following regrowth from its proximal stump through either preformed empty mesothelial chambers or autologous nerve grafts bridging a 10 mm gap. Within the mesothelial chambers an organized multifascicular nerve trunk forms between the proximal and distal stumps. After 3 months, distal segment cross sections fro

Background and purpose — A tapered, polished and collarless stem is normally equipped with a hollow centralizer to prevent the stem from becoming end-bearing in the cement as the stem subsides. In a randomized clinical trial, we evaluated such a stem (MS-30), which was initially introduced with a solid centralizer but was later recommended to be fitted with a hollow centralizer. We hypothesized th