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Malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal are formed during dynamic gastrointestinal in vitro digestion of cod liver oils

Marine long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA) are associated with reduced risk for inflammatory diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and rheumatoid arthritis. These fatty acids, however, are rapidly oxidized, generating highly reactive malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal (HHE) and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE). These oxidation products may interact with DNA and proteins, thus

A validation study of a new classification algorithm to identify rheumatoid arthritis using administrative health databases : Case-control and cohort diagnostic accuracy studies. Results from the RECord linkage on Rheumatic Diseases study of the Italian Society for Rheumatology

Objectives: To develop and validate a new algorithm to identify patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and estimate disease prevalence using administrative health databases (AHDs) of the Italian Lombardy region. Design: Case-control and cohort diagnostic accuracy study. Methods: In a randomly selected sample of 827 patients drawn from a tertiary rheumatology centre (training set), clinically vali

Perlecan heparan sulfate is required for the inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation by all-trans-retinoic acid

Smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation is a key process in stabilization of atherosclerotic plaques, and during restenosis after interventions. A clearer understanding of SMC growth regulation is therefore needed to design specific anti-proliferative therapies. Retinoic acid has been shown to inhibit proliferation of SMCs both in vitro and in vivo and to affect the expression of extracellular matr

Heparan sulfate in perlecan promotes mouse atherosclerosis : Roles in lipid permeability, lipid retention, and smooth muscle cell proliferation

Heparan sulfate (HS) has been proposed to be antiatherogenic through inhibition of lipoprotein retention, inflammation, and smooth muscle cell proliferation. Perlecan is the predominant HS proteoglycan in the artery wall. Here, we investigated the role of perlecan HS chains using apoE null (ApoE0) mice that were cross-bred with mice expressing HS-deficient perlecan (Hspg2 Δ3/Δ3). Morphometry of cr

FoxA1 directs the lineage and immunosuppressive properties of a novel regulatory T cell population in EAE and MS

The defective generation or function of regulatory T (T reg) cells in autoimmune disease contributes to chronic inflammation and tissue injury. We report the identification of FoxA1 as a transcription factor in T cells that, after ectopic expression, confers suppressive properties in a newly identified T reg cell population, herein called FoxA1 + T reg cells. FoxA1 bound to the Pdl1 promoter, indu

Antiinflammatory properties of a peptide derived from interleukin-4

Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a potent antiinflammatory cytokine. However its use in the clinic is hampered by side effects. We here describe the identification of a novel synthetic peptide, termed Ph8, derived from α-helix C of IL-4, which interacts with IL-4 receptor α (IL-4Rα). Employing various cultured genetically engineered cell lines and primary lymphocytes, surface plasmon resonance, qPCR, ELISA