Objectives. At the request of the European Commission and in the framework of the European Machinery Directive, research was conducted jointly in five different laboratories to develop specifications for surface temperature limit values for the gripping and handling of cold items. Methods. Four hundred and fourteen experiments were run where male and female subjects were invited to grip for up to

This paper presents a study on how climate conditions at numerous locations in Sweden affect the risk of onset of mould on wood sheltered outdoors. The results indicate that the risk is clearly higher in the south compared to the north of Sweden. These differences are mainly explained by colder and dryer winter periods in the north which is unfavorable for development of mould. The results also sh

En aspekt som kommit bort i diskussionen efter EG-domstolens dom i Silhouette-fallet var påståendet att Silhouette hade infört någon form av reexportförbud i sitt avtal med den bulgariske köparen. Silhouettes agent i Bulgarien hävdade att så var fallet, men de närmare omständigheterna kring försäljningen blev aldrig klarlagda. Frågan lyftes inte heller fram i den österrikiska domstolens begäran om

This paper presents an architecture of an auto-correlator for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing systems. The received signal is quantized to only the sign-bit, which dramatically simplifies the frequency offset estimation. Hardware cost is reduced under the assumption that synchronization during acquisition does not have to be very accurate, but sufficient for coarse estimation. The archi

Popular Abstract in English Imagine a solar powered flash light. Each photon absorbed by the flash light’s solar cell creates electric energy and the flash light’s light source converts the electrical energy again into photons. The purpose of such a device may be questionable, because you would be surprised if it would create more light than what it absorbs. However, under certain conditions it isIn this thesis the luminescence properties of highly doped semiconductors are studied with focus on degenerately n-doped InP. It is demonstrated how photoluminescence measurements on degenerately doped semiconductors allow an estimation of the doping concentration without need for electrical contacts. The degenerate doping can furthermore reveal the conduction band structure for energies higher th

Isotropic chiral media can be modeled in several ways. We show that when realizing such a medium from spiral inclusions with real permittivities and permeabilities in a periodic structure, a modified Drude-Born-Fedorov model is obtained. This model equals the original Born model for small wave vectors, but the strength of the chirality depends on the propagation direction. The effective parameters

Self-adaptation enables software to execute successfully in dynamic, unpredictable, and uncertain environments. Control theory provides a broad set of mathematically grounded techniques for adapting the behavior of dynamic systems. While it has been applied to specific software control problems, it has proved difficult to define methodologies allowing non-experts to systematically apply control te

In the future, both rising sea water level and higher precipitation are expected due to climate change. Gothenburg is one of the cities in Sweden most affected by flooding in urban areas. Flooding is caused by very high sea level, but also as a consequence of heavy rainfall over the city. It is unknown whether high sea level or heavy rainfall is the most important reason for flooding, or if the co