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Determination of transition matrices for inhomogeneous dielectric bodies by a wave propagator method

A method for determining transition matrices for inhomogeneous dielectric shells is presented. The source can be either inside or outside the shell. The method is based upon expansions of the electric and magnetic fields in vector spherical harmonics. The expansion coefficients in the shell satisfy a system of linear ordinary differential equations in the radial direction. The expansion coefficien

Interpreters, translators and travelling agents: the role of tongshi in Sino-Tibetan relations

This paper examines the development of the role of a certain group of semi-officials, known as tongshi in Chinese, in Sino-Tibetan relations from the late-fourteenth century to the end of the eighteenth century, i.e. during the Ming and Qing dynasties, with particular reference to the part played by tongshi in events along the pre-modern Sino-Tibetan border. Tongshi were often Tibetans in Chinese

Imitatio in the progymnasmata

Rhetoric is a teaching tradition. The rhetorical exercises in the progymnasmata are the foundation for the teaching culture of rhetoric. The exercises combine theory and practice, but the surviving texts by Hermogenes, Aphthonius and Nicolaus do not tell us how the exercises were used in teaching. In the preface to Theon’s progymnasmata 1.61-64 he gives a short description of his pedagogical meth