The cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript mediates ligand-independent activation of ER alpha, and is an independent prognostic factor in node-negative breast cancer
Personalized medicine requires the identification of unambiguous prognostic and predictive biomarkers to inform therapeutic decisions. Within this context, the management of lymph node-negative breast cancer is the subject of much debate with particular emphasis on the requirement for adjuvant chemotherapy. The identification of prognostic and predictive biomarkers in this group of patients is cru