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BackgroundChildren with ADHD are reported to have lower dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) levels compared to typically developing children. We exploratively investigated how blink rate and pupil diameter, which are considered to be proxies for DA and NE signaling, were related to ADHD symptom severity. Moreover, we tested whether this relation is modulated by auditory white noise stimulation,

Background: Neuroimaging with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may assist clinicians in evaluating brain injury and optimising care in comatose adults resuscitated after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). However, contemporary international data on its use are lacking. Aim: The primary aim was to compare the patient characteristics, early postresuscitation care, and neurological outcomes of pa

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the diurnal variations in anterior segment parameters among patients with keratoconus (KC) and to compare these variations across different severity levels of the disease. Methods: A total of 82 patients with KC were included in the study. Corneal parameters were measured at 08:30, 11:30, 14:30, 17:30, and 20:30 using the Pentacam HR (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany).

When children exercise their right to political participation through climate activism and litigation, they demonstrate that an ethics of care is a core component of the postpaternalist era. Children’s ethics of care, however, is not only about care toward their immediate human relations, but also toward other species, the environment they live in and generations to come. They thereby develop the

The Viking Age (c. 800 – c. 1050 AD) was a period of dramatic change and transformative encounters across Europe and the wider world. Ships, seafarers, and the sea were central to these developments but, paradoxically, the Viking Age is generally studied through evidence and approaches on land. This has consistently hindered scholarly understanding of the maritime dimensions of the Viking Age; sur

Pangenomes are collections of annotated genome sequences of multiple individuals of a species1. The structural variants uncovered by these datasets are a major asset to genetic analysis in crop plants2. Here we report a pangenome of barley comprising long-read sequence assemblies of 76 wild and domesticated genomes and short-read sequence data of 1,315 genotypes. An expanded catalogue of sequence

OBJECTIVES: This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (prototype). The objectives are as follows: Primary objective To determine the prognostic value of birth weight (BW) and prematurity in predicting the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) later in life (among adults, adolescents, and children) compared to normal BW and full-term birth. Secondary objectives To determine the prognostic val

Correlations in azimuthal angle extending over a long range in pseudorapidity between particles, usually called the “ridge” phenomenon, were discovered in heavy-ion collisions, and later found in pp and p–Pb collisions. In large systems, they are thought to arise from the expansion (collective flow) of the produced particles. Extending these measurements over a wider range in pseudorapidity and fi

Background: Kigali, Rwanda’s rapidly growing capital, faces major challenges in household-level Fecal Sludge Management (FSM), with over 89% of households using pit latrines and only 48% accessing unshared sanitation. FSM services are limited, costly, and poorly executed, leading to frequent illegal dumping. Objective: This review analyzes the literature on sanitation in Kigali to identify key gap

Organismal abundance tends to decline with increasing body size. Metabolic theory links this size structure with energy use and productivity, postulating a size–abundance slope of −0.75 that is invariant across environments. We tested the robustness of this relationship across gradients of protist species richness (1–6 species), temperature (15°C–25°C) and time. Using replicated microcosms, we pro

INTRODUCTION: We sought to harmonize genotype data from the predementia AMYPAD (Amyloid Imaging to Prevent Alzheimer's Disease) Consortium, compute polygenic risk scores (PRS), and determine their association with global amyloid deposition. METHODS: Genetic data from five AMYPAD parent cohorts were harmonized, and PRS were computed for Alzheimer's disease (AD) susceptibility, cerebrospinal fluid (

Context. Tidal interactions between massive galaxies and their satellites are fundamental processes in a universe with a λ cold dark matter (λ CDM) cosmology, and they redistribute material into faint features that preserve records of past galactic interactions. While stellar streams in the Local Group impressively demonstrate satellite disruption, they do not constitute a statistically significan

Background and Aims: Perineal wound complications occur frequently after proctectomy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with persistent perineal wounds appearing in some patients. This study examines the surgical outcomes after proctectomy in patients with IBD in a contemporary setting, with primary perineal wound healing as the primary end-point. Methods: This is a multicentre ret

From compassion to animal liberation, health, and sustainability, veganism is a concept in flux in Taiwan as a new generation of actors are bringing a fresh face and tactics to a novel yet familiar practice. This article examines the emergence of Taiwan’s new vegan movement during the socially receptive period that followed the Sunflower Movement. It introduces the actors involved in vegan advocac

Coffee is epidemiologically linked to health benefits and risks. Coffee is thought to be a diuretic. However, it can still contribute to daily fluid intake. Vasopressin is the most important physiological regulator of body fluid balance and diuresis. This study aimed to map the effects of coffee intake on vasopressin concentration. In the population-based cross-sectional Malmö Offspring Study (n =

Mycorrhizal fungi are ecosystem engineers that sustain plant life and help regulate Earth's biogeochemical cycles1-3. However, in contrast to plants and animals, the global distribution of mycorrhizal fungal biodiversity is largely unknown, which limits our ability to monitor and protect key underground ecosystems4,5. Here we trained machine-learning algorithms on a global dataset of 25,000 geoloc

Subtle population structure remains a significant concern in genome-wide association studies. Using human height as an example, we show how quantile regression, a natural extension of linear regression, can better correct for subtle population structure due to its inherent ability to adjust for quantile-specific effects of covariates such as principal components. We utilize data from the UK Bioban

X-ray tomography is a well established technique for investigating three-dimensional bulk structures across scales, from macroscopic samples down to their microscopic constituents. The addition of a temporal dimension through dynamic, time-resolved acquisition results in four-dimensional datasets whose complexity often exceeds the processing capabilities of existing image analysis tools. To addres

Background. National registries that capture patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) across all stages are scarce. We present here the Swedish Renal Registry (SRR), a nationwide prospective register covering the whole spectrum of CKD. Methods. Created in 1991, SRR enrolls CKD patients referred to adult nephrologist care (non-dialysis CKD [ND-CKD], kidney transplantation, maintenance dialysis),

Precapillary pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), with progressively altered right (RV) and left ventricular (LV) hemodynamics and function. Kinetic energy (KE) from 4D flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is a measure of intracardiac hemodynamics. In this observational case–control study, we investigate physiological mechanisms inf