The parallel time of a population protocol is defined as the average number of required interactions in which an agent in the protocol participates, i.e., the quotient between the total number of interactions required by the protocol and the total number n of agents, or just roughly the number of required rounds, where a round stands for a sequence of n consecutive interactions. This naming trigge

Equivalence ratio measurements are of great importance for combustion systems. In this paper, femtosecond laser filament-triggered discharge plasma spectroscopy is proposed for one-dimensional equivalence ratio measurements of combustion flow fields. The optical emission spectra of femtosecond laser filament-triggered discharge plasma in methane-air premixed laminar flames were measured. The spect

We report a novel approach for single-shot planar imaging of CH3 radicals in premixed methane and air flames. A 213 nm beam from the 5th harmonic of an Nd:YAG laser was resonantly absorbed by the CH3 radicals, which were excited to the highly pre-dissociative upper level and dissociated to H2 and CH (X), as the main dissociation channel. The CH radicals were consequently excited by a 388 nm beam f

Atmospheric pressure discharge plasma is widely utilized in industry and science. However, due to the spatiotemporal uncertainty of the natural discharge, it is difficult to measure the discharge plasma spectra with a high spatiotemporal resolution. This prevents the accurate investigation of discharge plasma evolution and limits further applications. Here, we harnessed a femtosecond laser filamen

Structured lipids with desired properties can be produced by enzymatic transesterification. This is a multistep reaction with many factors influencing both the product yield and quality. In this study, the single and combined effects of water activity, temperature and substrate ratio were studied on the reaction between high oleic sunflower oil and ethyl stearate producing 1,2-stearin-3-olein (SOS

Vegetable oils and fats are major energy sources but also play an essential part in the physical and chemical properties of food products. The current change in the climate is affecting harvest yields, leading to a shortage and increased prices of raw materials that are difficult to replace. In addition, there is an increasing demand for new products with positive health effects.Triacylglycerols (

Abstract This chapter contributes to the current debate on ideology,social movements and political activities in a branded society. Adoptinga sociological perspective on brands as platforms, the chapter shows howbrands support grass-roots social movements to structure their politicalactions. Through the analysis of the Five Star Movement (M5S), a digitalpolitical party, the chapter illustrates how

Injections of pre-formed α-synuclein fibrils (PFFs) or overexpression of α-synuclein using AAV vectors are commonly used as models of Parkinson-like synucleinopathy in rats and mice. In the modified method reviewed here, the "SynFib" model, the PFFs and the AAV vector are administered together unilaterally into the substantia nigra. This approach combines the key features of these two models, i.e.

The molecular architecture of sugar-based surfactants strongly affects their self-assembled structure, i.e., the type of micelles they form, which in turn controls both the dynamics and rheological properties of the system. Here, we report the segmental and mesoscopic structure and dynamics of a series of C16 maltosides with differences in the anomeric configuration and degree of tail unsaturation

We have developed an efficient approach to generate functional induced dopaminergic (DA) neurons from adult human dermal fibroblasts. When performing DA neuronal conversion of patient fibroblasts with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD), we could specifically detect disease-relevant pathology in these cells. We show that the patient-derived neurons maintain age-related properties of the donor and

To provide insights into the fate of transposable elements (TEs) across timescales in a post-polyploidization context, we comparatively investigate five sibling Dactylorhiza allotetraploids (Orchidaceae) formed independently and sequentially between 500 and 100K generations ago by unidirectional hybridization between diploids D. fuchsii and D. incarnata. Our results first reveal that the paternal

A growing body of evidence suggests that astrocytes play a major role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. Given that APOE is primarily expressed in astrocytes, these cells might be an important link between the APOE ϵ4 allele and the development of Alzheimer's disease pathology. Here, we investigate this hypothesis in vivo by measuring myo-inositol, a metabolite involved in astrocytic f

Heat exchanger network synthesis (HENS) is an effective tool for heat recovery in chemical and petrochemical industries. This study aims to show a method for HENS with the consideration of different shell-side flow arrangements in shell-and-tube heat exchangers. The proposed MINLP model is modified from the stage-wise superstructure model, incorporating newly developed correlations for shell-side

Lock-in mechanisms are major hurdles to sustainability transitions. Scholars identified various types of lock-ins; however, their dynamics and interactions remain underexplored. Using the case of food packaging, this study enhances the conceptual understanding and empirical analysis of lock-ins and their interactions from a socio-technical perspective. We analyze the material, institutional, behav

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is foremost characterized by β-amyloid (Aβ)-extracellular plaques, tau-intraneuronal fibrillary tangles (NFT), and neuroinflammation, but over the last years it has become evident that peripheral inflammation might also contribute to the disease. AD patients often demonstrate increased levels of circulating proinflammatory mediators and altered antibody levels

Objectives: Sweden has had a high and stable vaccination coverage for measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine (>96%) through the national immunization program (NIP), but coverage rates highlight local pockets of lower vaccination coverage. This project addressed low MMR vaccine acceptance among parents in a Somali community, in Stockholm. The objective of the intervention was to increase vaccine confi

Purpose: To describe hand function, and investigate adherence to a rehabilitation protocol and factors associated with upper extremity disability in non-surgically treated proximal phalangeal fractures. Material and methods: In a prospective cohort study, 86 patients (58 women, mean age of 49 years) were assessed at cast removal and 6 weeks follow-up. Adherence was registered in a diary. Factors p

BACKGROUND: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) transmission during pregnancy causes preterm labor, stillbirths, fetal injury, or neonatal infections. Rates of adult infections are also rising. The GBS-NN vaccine, engineered by fusing N-terminal domains of GBS Alpha C and Rib proteins, is safe in healthy, nonpregnant women, but further assessment is needed for use during pregnancy. Here, we tested GBS-NN