Fluctuations of thermodynamic observables, such as heat and work, contain relevant information on the underlying physical process. These fluctuations are however not taken into account in the traditional laws of thermodynamics. While the second law is extended to fluctuating systems by the celebrated fluctuation theorems, the first law is generally believed to hold even in the presence of fluctuat

Objective: The effect of cardiac arrest (CA) on cerebral transcriptomics and metabolomics is unknown. We previously demonstrated hemodynamic-directed CPR (HD-CPR) improves survival with favorable neurologic outcomes versus standard CPR (Std-CPR). We hypothesized HD-CPR would preserve the cerebral transcriptome and metabolome compared to Std-CPR. Design: Randomized pre-clinical animal trial. Settin

Resolving the structural dynamics of the initial steps of chemical reactions is challenging. We report the femtosecond time-resolved wide-angle X-ray scattering of the photodissociation of diiodomethane in cyclohexane. The data reveal with structural detail how the molecule dissociates into radicals, how the radicals collide with the solvent, and how they form the photoisomer. We extract how trans

Nitrogen (N) availability is a powerful controller of soil carbon (C) cycling in temperate forests, affecting plant productivity and microbial activities. Enhanced rhizosphere input from increased plant productivity can stimulate the decomposition of native soil organic matter (SOM), termed the “priming effect”, with an effect size that is affected by N availability. Using soils from N-fertilizati

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of smartphones among young people in everyday life, focusing on the activity of online search. This paper addresses the following research questions: What framings of the smartphone can be identified in the way that young people use, and describe, smartphones? What is the role of online search within these framings? By elucidating frami

This paper investigates the role of human agency in 40 phases of regional economic development in 12 Nordic regions over 30 years. It contributes with a theoretical framework to study agency over time and a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis based on a unique dataset combining over 200 interviews, with printed and online sources, and quantitative data. The paper identifies which combinatio

The phenomenon that contemplating future events elicits stronger emotions than contemplating past events has been coined “temporal value asymmetry” (TVA) (Caruso et al., 2008). We conducted very close replications of three experiments derived from two influential TVA papers: Studies 1 and 4 in Caruso et al. (2008), demonstrating TVA in monetary valuation, and Study 1 in Caruso (2010), demonstratin

Att vägra värnplikt blev en viktig fråga för många unga män under 1960- 90-talet. Syftet med studien är att undersöka och analysera diskussionen och debatten om värnpliktsvägrarfrågan i Sverige under perioden 1965-91 för att blottlägga vilken typ av argument som kom i bruk. Eftersom antalet vägrare ökade under denna period uppstod även en intensiv diskussion om frågan i offentligheten. En viktig a

Every day we make choices, but our degree of investment in them differs, both in terms of pre-verbal experience and verbal justification. In an earlier experimental study, participants were asked to pick the more attractive one among two human faces, and among two abstract figures, and later to provide verbal motivations for these choices. They did not know that in some of the cases their choices

It is widely recognised that society is consuming at levels and in ways that are unsustainable. Sustainable business models, broadly defined as those that consider economic, ecological and social value, hold promise for shifting consumption patterns. By facilitating activities such as rental and reuse, including second-hand, repair, refurbishment, and upcycling, they can help to provide more susta

Technological environments provide multiple conditions for the development of technology-based business and intellectual properties. Over the last decades, the Chilean government has designed/implemented a technology, innovation, and entrepreneurship policy framework. This chapter analyzes the technology transfer policy framework’s evolutionary process and its effectiveness. This chapter adopts a