Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system, characterized by focal inflammatory lesions with demyelination and axonal loss. It is believed that MS is an immune-mediated disorder with both genetic and environmental contributions to the pathogenesis. Interferons (IFNs) are naturally occurring proteins known to have antiviral, antiproliferative and immunoregulatory eff

The European Pre-Standard for protective clothing against cold ENV 342:1998 suggests that the testing of thermal insulation should be made on a moving thermal manikin. In this way the value can be used to match requirements specified by the IREQ-method or as realistic input for prediction of thermal stress in other standards. It is known from prior work that insulation values measured with human s

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose a framework of the potential benefits of asset visibility in the context of returnable transport items (RTI), and uses the framework to examine the effect of asset visibility on the management of RTI systems. Design/methodology/approach – A combined case study and simulation approach was used. A case study was performed to identify and understand

The effect of formally next-to-leading contributions to the CCFM evolution equation are discussed.

Objective. Insulin resistance is associated with progression of atherosclerosis. We assessed the effect of 12 months of treatment with rosiglitazone (RSG) on the progression of carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or the insulin resistance syndrome (IRS). Design. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Setting. Malmo University Hospital, M

The synthesis of unsaturated unnatural amino acids according to the Heck-Jeffery protocol using a ball-milling procedure is presented. NOE data recorded on the products confirm that the Z-isomer is formed. This type of mechano-chemistry provides an efficient, "solvent free" and reliable method for the synthesis of substituted dehydroalanines. These conditions provide patterns of reactivity complem

Viscum album subsp. creticum, known from two mountain areas of E. Crete, is described as new to science. It combines features of the two presently accepted conifer mistletoes, resembling the fir parasite, subsp. abietis, in gross morphology but genetically (by nrDNA ITS sequence data) close to the pine parasite, subsp. austriacum, while differing from either in hypocotyl shape and nucleotide seque

Background: The variation in retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFLT) as measured by Stratus optical coherence tomography (OCT) in healthy subjects may be reduced when the effect on RNFLT measurements of factors other than disease is corrected for, and this may improve the diagnostic accuracy in glaucoma. With this perspective we evaluated the isolated and combined effects of factors potentiall

This study investigated behaviour of male European pine sawflies, Neodiprion sertifer Geoffr. (Hym., Diprionidae), that were released downwind from pheromone traps. Releases were done at three distances; either at 5 m from one trap, or at 50 m or 200 m from five traps, placed in a line perpendicular to the current wind direction. As a control, males were released identically but without any pherom

It has been shown that the generally accepted assumption that hydrophobic molecules and ions repel each other in polar solvents is only valid for moderately polar solvents. When the dipole moment of the medium molecules is increased, then ions and hydrophobic particles start to attract each other. For particles with the size and dipole moment of a water molecule one can expect that the effective p

Wilms tumor (WT) is characterized by a nonrandom pattern of chromosome aberrations, but the clinical significance of different cytogenetic patterns is unknown. The present study describes the cytogenetic findings and the clinical course in a cohort of 39 children with WT. Samples for short-term culturing and cytogenetic analysis were obtained during a 15-year period. Clonal chromosome aberrations