The fermentability and pattern of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) formed in the hindgut of rats given various combinations of dietary fibers (DF) and resistant starch (RS) were investigated. Highly fermentable indigestible carbohydrates, i.e., guar gum (GG), pectin (Pec) and high amylose cornstarch (HAS), and a DF with a relatively high resistance to fermentation, i.e., wheat bran (WB), were includ

To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of an additional 12-week treatment with varenicline for abstainers who had successfully completed an initial 12-week treatment. The Benefits of Smoking Cessation on Outcomes simulation model was used to simulate both direct and indirect effects of smoking cessation. All calculations were performed in 2003 Swedish prices. Sweden in 2003. The modelled cohort consis

The island of Isla de los Estados is situated at 54.5 degrees S, 64 degrees W, east of Argentinian Tierra del Fuego, and is located in a sensitive geographic position in relation to the zonal circulation between Antarctica and South America. Its terrestrial records of the last deglaciation, recording atmospheric conditions but within an oceanic setting, can help to clarify changes of regional circ

The authors report the fabrication of gallium phosphide nanowire arrays that can be used for cellular force measurements. The nanowire positions are defined using electron beam lithography and the nanowires are grown using metal organic vapor phase epitaxy. By varying the nanowire diameter, length, and spacing from substrate to substrate, they can expect to probe cell forces over several orders of

The binding of native biglycan and decorin to pepsin-extracted collagen VI from human placenta was examined by solid phase assay and by measurement of surface plasmon resonance in the BIAcore(TM)2000 system. Both proteoglycans exhibited a strong affinity for collagen VI with dissociation constants (K(D)) of approximately 30 nm. Removal of the glycosaminoglycan chains by chondroitinase ABC digestio

The study was designed to investigate if modern low dosage combined oral contraceptives were associated with changes in plasma prolactin levels in healthy nulliparous women aged 19-25. Plasma prolactin was not significantly correlated to oral contraceptive use, nor to smoking habits. Plasma prolactin was, however, significantly negatively correlated to time since awakening. A significant two-way i

The results of testing a new enzyme, anionic tobacco peroxidase (TOP), in various amperometric biosensors are summarized. The biochemical and electrochemical properties of the enzyme are briefly characterized. As compared to the commonly used cationic peroxidase from horseradish roots, TOP exhibits a wider optimum stability pH range, higher stability to inactivation with hydrogen peroxide, and hig

An item that stands out (is isolated) from its context is better remembered than an item consistent with the context. This isolation effect cannot be accounted for by increased attention, because it occurs when the isolated item is presented as the first item, or by impoverished memory of nonisolated items, because the isolated item is better remembered than a control list consisting of equally di

Human haemoglobin (Hb) may appear in a number of glycated species. The glycation pattern of Hb using shielding boronate affinity chromatography (SBAC) has been studied in the present work. SBAC is a novel separation technique, which eliminates nonspecific boronate-protein interactions by introducing a so-called shielding reagent [1,2]. Two samples from Bio-Rad (Lyphochek(R))-one from normal person

We have observed and investigated random telegraph noise in the photoluminescence from InAs quantum dots in GaAs. The luminescence from a single quantum dot, exhibiting switching between two levels, has been spectrally resolved. The random telegraph noise is only observed in the presence of band filling. We find no spectral shift of the emission in the different states. It is only the intensity, m

Doubly excited core-hole states of carbon monoxide in the photon energy region of 300-305 eV, i.e., directly above the C 1s ionization threshold, have been studied using both angle-resolved ion-yield and high-resolution resonant Auger spectroscopies. The leading configurations of the most prominent doubly excited Rydberg states are assigned by careful analysis of the ion-yield spectra and the fina

Vilclagliptin is a competitive and reversible inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors act mainly by preventing the rapid degradation of glucagon-like peptide-1. In clinical trials, vildagliptin improves glycaemic control both as monotherapy and in combination with metformin for periods of :! 52 weeks in subjects with Type 2 diabetes. This is evident by reduced fastin