Averages of proper scoring rules are often used to rank probabilistic forecasts. In many cases, the individual terms in these averages are based on observations and forecasts from different distributions. We show that some of the most popular proper scoring rules, such as the continuous ranked probability score (CRPS), give more importance to observations with large uncertainty, which can lead to

This paper discusses the medieval castle and town Sölvesborg in Blekinge. It was a typical motte and bailey castle consisting of a huge brick tower built on an artificial mound surrounded by an inner moat and a large outer bailey. The castle, which was partly excavated in the 1940’s, 1970’s and in the 2010’s, functioned as the royal Danish castle that controlled Blekinge in the Middle Ages. It has

Modern microbial and ecosystem sciences require diverse interdisciplinary teams that are often challenged in “speaking” to one another due to different languages and data product types. Here we introduce the IsoGenie Database (IsoGenieDB; https://isogenie-db.asc.Ohio-state.edu/), a de novo developed data management and exploration platform, as a solution to this challenge of accurately representin

The effect on evaporation of the presence of biodegradation heat in an uncovered biocell under operational conditions is elucidated. The contribution of the heat of biodegradation was investigated by measuring the temperature gradient in the top layer of a landfill. The evaporation was calculated by combining the energy budget with an expression for sensible heat flux, and taking the atmospheric s

The results of any hydrological calculation are highly dependent on rainfall data used. The spatial variability of precipitation, that is very substantial even on very small catchments, can never be completely revealed by a network of gauges. Equally, the time variability and extremes, sampled in a set of data with limited duration, are seldom adequately revealed. Thus, we deal with rainfall data

Temperature conditions and heat fluxes in ice covered lakes are discussed analyzing measurements in eight Swedish lakes. Heat fluxes from sediments and heat fluxes from water to ice are determined from temperature profiles. The contribution of solar radiation is estimated from heat-budget calculations. It is found that the heat content of most of the lakes changes very little when they are ice cov

When most of us think of solar technology, we picture photovoltaic panels on sunny rooftops capturing clean energy for self-sufficient households. This vision suggests that increasing the installation of solar panels will reduce greenhouse gas emissions and encourage more democratic energy pathways. But the way solar technology relates to global environmental and social problems is actually very d

Resuspension of inorganic sediments in a very shallow Swedish lake is studied using settling sediment traps and measurements of suspended matter. Theoretical aspects of resuspension dynamics is discussed emphasizing special shallow lake aspects. Bottom shear stress distribution is computed for different wind conditions.

Reliable quantitative vegetation reconstructions for Europe during the Holocene are crucial to improving our understanding of landscape dynamics, making it possible to assess the past effects of environmental variables and land-use change on ecosystems and biodiversity, and mitigating their effects in the future. We present here the most spatially extensive and temporally continuous pollen-based r

Most creative professionals develop and refine their talents by learning from others. In most empirical settings, estimating how this learning process fosters quality is challenging. This paper explores the transmission of quality among music composers over more than seven centuries. How does a composer’s quality influence the quality of the composers they teach? Using a unique dataset of 17,433 c

In this issue of Clinical Kidney Journal, Stehlé and colleagues demonstrate that estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by use of creatinine and a measure, total lumbar muscle cross-sectional area, reflecting the total muscle mass of an individual, is superior to GFRestimating equations based upon creatinine and demographic variables. The report by Stehlé et al demonstrates one solution to

INTRODUCTION: Decreased dopaminergic activity - as reflected by lower levels of the major metabolite homovanillic acid (HVA) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) - may be involved in the pathophysiology of attempted suicide. An inverse association has also been found between dopaminergic activity and clinical symptoms of depression and anxiety in non-suicidal individuals. The aim of this study was to asse

Why was the British Parliament so late in broadcasting its debates? Scholars have made recommendations on parliamentary communication, analysed its effects, and described the debates and arguments on broadcasting parliament. But who was making these arguments, and what role did parliamentarians’ identities play in these debates? We show the crucial role that partisanship—but also the distinctions

The following dataset of geolocated travel guide toponyms was compiled in the process of a research project Historical GIS and Guidebooks: A Scalable Reading of Czechoslovak Tourist Attractions (Bechmann Pedersen & Johansson, forthcoming) in which we performed a scalable reading of three travel guides of the former Czechoslovak lands as they were cirka 1959. We used a specialized, open-sourced