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Frequency of early vascular aging and associated risk factors among an adult population in Latin America : the OPTIMO study

The main objective was to estimate the frequency of early vascular aging (EVA) in a sample of subjects from Latin America, with emphasis in young adults. We included 1416 subjects from 12 countries in Latin America who provided information about lifestyle, cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF), and anthropometrics. We measured pulse wave velocity (PWV) as a marker of arterial stiffness, and blood pre

Adding Fuel to the Fire : North-South dynamics in the geographies of transport energy: the case of EU biofuels

Sedan 2000-talet har den Europeiska Unionen (EU) lanserat biodrivmedel som ett alternativ för att uppnå minskad klimatpåverkan men också landsbygdsutveckling i globala Syd. Den kritiska debatten pekar dock på att biodrivmedel snarare försvårar införandet av mer meningsfulla åtgärder för att minska växthusgasutsläpp från transport; samt att utlovade arbetstillfällen lyser med sin frånvaro, samtidigSince the 2000s, the European Union (EU) has promoted biofuels for transport to achieve climate change mitigation, and rural development in the global South. In contrast, critiques have argued that biofuel promotion impedes more meaningful mitigation while also resulting in dispossession of land and loss of labour opportunities in the global South. In this thesis, I study why the EU is promoting l

Immune gene expression and response to chemotherapy in advanced breast cancer

Background:Transcriptomic profiles have shown promise as predictors of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer (BC). This study aimed to explore their predictive value in the advanced BC (ABC) setting.Methods:In a Phase 3 trial of first-line chemotherapy in ABC, a fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) was obtained at baseline. Intrinsic molecular subtypes and gene modules related to i

Kidney function and use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs among elderly people : a cross-sectional study on potential hazards for an at risk population

Background Renal elimination normally decreases with age. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) carry a risk of additional kidney damage. Objective The aims of this study were to assess the prevalence of NSAIDs in the elderly (aged ≥ 65) population in Sweden, explore reasons for any possible differences in the level of use and assess their kidney functions. Setting Data were obtained from t

‘Successful’ low-carbon energy transitions at the community level? An energy justice perspective

The aim of this paper is to critically analyse so-called ‘successful’ low-carbon energy transitions under the energy justice magnifying glass. We focus on two case studies that have been arguably referred to as successful local energy transitions in the literature: Samsø (Denmark) and Feldheim (Germany). The study examines community perspectives and causal inferences about perceived energy (in)jus

The role of breast tomosynthesis in a predominantly dense breast population at a tertiary breast centre : breast density assessment and diagnostic performance in comparison with MRI

Objectives: To compare breast density measured on digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) (BI-RADS-based breast composition and fully-automatic estimation) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (BI-RADS amount of fibroglandular tissue), and to evaluate the diagnostic performance in terms of sensitivity and specificity of DBT and MRI in a predominantly dense breast population. Methods: Between 2015 and 2

Psychotropic and anti-dementia treatment in elderly persons with clinical signs of dementia with Lewy bodies : A cross-sectional study in 40 nursing homes in Sweden

Background: Elderly persons with a dementia diagnosis often suffer from different neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) such as delusions, hallucinations, depression, anxiety, irritability and agitation. Currently, the medical treatment for NPS consists mostly of psychotropic medication such as hypnotics/sedatives, anxiolytics and antipsychotics. In elderly persons with dementia, usage of antipsychotics

Confounders other than comorbidity explain survival differences in Danish and Swedish ovarian cancer patients – a comparative cohort study

Objective: Danish ovarian cancer (OC) patients have previously been found to have worse prognosis than Swedish patients, and comorbidity has been suggested as a possible explanation for this survival difference. We aimed to investigate the prognostic impact of comorbidity in surgically treated OC patients in Denmark and Sweden. Methods: This comparative cohort study was based on data from 3118 sur

Impact of treatment strategy and physical performance on future knee-related self-efficacy in individuals with ACL injury

Background: In people with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, high self-efficacy facilitates recovery, indicated by improved muscle function, reduced knee symptoms and increased physical activity. Impact of treatment on future self-efficacy is however not well investigated. The aims of the study were to 1) investigate knee-related self-efficacy 6 years after acute ACL injury in patients trea

Aeolian dunes of central Sweden

I Sveriges centrala inland finns det allt från enstaka sanddyner till stora dynfält som täcker mer än 10 km2. Dessa dynfält passerar dock oftast obemärkt i landskapet på grund av det oftast markanta vegetationstäcke som fixerar dessa dyner. De är dock värdefulla för att kunna återskapa forna tiders klimat och vindmönster, men tyvärr har förhållandevis lite forskning angående dessa dyner bedrivits In the Swedish inland there are aeolian deposits present, ranging from scattered single dunes to dune fields of more than 10 km2. These dune fields often pass unnoticed since they presently are covered by vegetation. However, they contain a rich palaeoenvironmental archive. Only a few research papers have been published regarding these aeolian deposits during the last 90 years. The primary scope o

Labor Migration from Third Countries to Swedish Low-wage jobs

Since December 2008, Sweden has more liberal rules for labor immigration from ‘third countries’ – countries outside the European Union (EU) and European Economic Area (EEA) – than any other country in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The introduction of employer-driven labor immigration, motivated by the need to address labor shortages, resulted in large inflows o

Randomized phase III trial of low-molecular-weight heparin enoxaparin in addition to standard treatment in small-cell lung cancer : The RASTEN trial

Background: Coagulation activation and venous thromboembolism (VTE) are hallmarks of malignant disease and represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer. Coagulation inhibition with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) may improve survival specifically in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients by preventing VTE and tumor progression; however, randomized trials with well-defined patie