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WWTP dynamic disturbance modelling - an essential module for long-term benchmarking development

Intensive use of the benchmark simulation model No. 1 (BSM1), a protocol for objective comparison of the effectiveness of control strategies in biological nitrogen removal activated sludge plants, has also revealed a number of limitations. Preliminary definitions of the long-term benchmark simulation model No. 1 (BSM1_LT) and the benchmark simulation model No. 2 (BSM2) have been made to extend BSM

Sensitivity analysis via simulation in the presence of discontinuities

In this paper we address the problem of estimating the mean derivative when the entity containing the parameter has jumps. The methods considered are finite differences, infinitesimal perturbation analysis and the likelihood ratio score function. We calculate the difference between the differentiated mean and the mean derivative. In case of finite differences, we compute the stepsize in the simula

Viljen vi veta, viljen vi förstå ... : kunskapsbildning inom socialtjänsten

Denna rapport handlar om socialtjänstens kunskapsbildning. I dess inledning konstateras att kunskapsutveckling är något som ligger i tiden. Från flera håll pekas det på att det sker stora och viktiga insatser på detta område medan socialtjänsten av någon anledning tycks ha hamnat i skamvrån. I själva verket riktas det från flera oberoende håll stark kritik mot dess verksamhet och det hävdas att ar

High-intensity laser-driven proton acceleration: influence of pulse contrast

Proton acceleration from the interaction of ultra-short laser pulses with thin foil targets at intensities greater than 10(18) W cm(-2) is discussed. An overview of the physical processes giving rise to the generation of protons with multi-MeV energies, in well defined beams with excellent spatial quality, is presented. Specifically, the discussion centres on the influence of laser pulse contrast

The importance of age-related decline in forest NPP for modeling regional carbon balances

We show the implications of the commonly observed age-related decline in aboveground productivity of forests, and hence forest age structure, on the carbon dynamics of European forests in response to historical changes in environmental conditions. Size-dependent carbon allocation in trees to counteract increasing hydraulic resistance with, tree height has been hypothesized to be responsible for th

Transendothelial transport of low-density lipoprotein and albumin across the rat peritoneum in vivo: Effects of the transcytosis inhibitors NEM and filipin

This study was performed to investigate the mechanisms responsible for the transport of albumin and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) across capillary walls in vivo. To separate transcytosis from passive, 'porous' transport, we tested the effects of the transcytosis inhibitors N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) and filipin given intraperitoneally on the peritoneal capillary clearance of LDL and albumin in anesthe

Preoperative staging of rectal carcinoma using double-contrast MR imaging. Technical aspects and early clinical experiences

PURPOSE: To improve preoperative staging of rectal carcinoma with MR imaging, using a double-contrast technique. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Imaging was performed in 12 patients before and after i.v. injection of Gd-DTPA and rectal administration of a superparamagnetic contrast medium, mainly containing magnetite. The diagnostic information was evaluated and compared with findings at surgery and histopa

Long-term effects of Ca(2+) on structure and contractility of vascular smooth muscle

Culture of dispersed smooth muscle cells is known to cause rapid modulation from the contractile to the synthetic cellular phenotype. However, organ culture of smooth muscle tissue, with maintained extracellular matrix and cell-cell contacts, may facilitate maintenance of the contractile phenotype. To test the influence of culture conditions, structural, functional, and biochemical properties of r

Contractions induce phosphorylation of the AMPK site Ser(565) in hormone-sensitive lipase in muscle

Intramyocellular triglyceride is an important energy store which is related to insulin resistance. Mobilization of fatty acids from this pool is probably regulated by hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), which has recently been shown to exist in muscle and to be activated by epinephrine via PKA and by contractions via PKC and ERK. 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an intracellular fuel gauge wh

5 ' flanking variants of resistin are associated with obesity

Diabetes and obesity have long been known to be related. The recently characterized adipocyte hormone resistin (also called FIZZ3/ADSF) has been implicated as a molecular link between impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and obesity in mice. A search for sequence variants at the human resistin locus identified nine single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) but no coding variants. An investigation into th

Modulation of antigen-antibody complexations by immunoglobulins.

In this investigation, the modulating effects of non-immune human IgG and rheumatoid factors (RFs) on antigen-antibody complexations were studied. Non-immune human IgG, as well as RF, were found to inhibit the binding of antigen to specific antibodies of both human and rabbit origin. In addition, human immunoglobulins were also able to modify the composition of preformed antigen-antibody complexes

Extending an Industrial Robot Controller-Implementation and Applications of a Fast Open Sensor Interface

Many promising robotics research results were obtained during the late 1970s and early 1980s. Some examples include Cartesian force control and advanced motion planning. Now, 20 years and many research projects later, many technologies still have not reached industrial usage. An important question to consider is how this situation can be improved for future deployment of necessary technologies. To

The Changing Nature of the Protein Folding Transition State: Implications for the Shape of the Free-energy Profile for Folding

According to landscape theory proteins do not fold by localised pathways, but find their native conformation by a progressive organisation of an ensemble of partly folded structures down a folding funnel. Here, we use kinetics and protein engineering to investigate the shape of the free-energy profile for two-state folding, which is the macroscopic view of the funnel process for small and rapidly